Acquired disorders of writing in the Russian language have been reported for more than a century. The study of these disorders reflects the history of Russian neuropsychology and is dominated by the syndrome approach most notably by the writings of Luria. Indeed, our understanding of acquired dysgraphia in Russian speakers is conceptualized according to the classical approach in Modern Russia. In this review, we describe the classical approach and compare it to the cognitive neuropsychological models of writing disorders that are developed to explain dysgraphia in English and in other Western European languages. We argue that the basic theoretical assumptions of the two approaches – cognitive and classical or syndrome approach – share similarities. It is therefore proposed that identification of acquired cases of dysgraphia in Russian could potentially benefit from taking the cognitive neuropsychological perspective. We also conclude that adopting elements of the syndrome approach would substantially enrich the understanding of acquired dysgraphia since these offer an insight into processes not described in the cognitive neuropsychological approach.

中文翻译：

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俄语书写障碍的认知结构：Luria 会说什么？

获得性俄语书写障碍已有一个多世纪的报道。对这些障碍的研究反映了俄罗斯神经心理学的历史，并且以综合征方法为主，尤其是 Luria 的著作。事实上，我们对俄语使用者获得性书写障碍的理解是根据现代俄罗斯的经典方法概念化的。在这篇综述中，我们描述了经典方法，并将其与用于解释英语和其他西欧语言书写障碍的书写障碍的认知神经心理学模型进行比较。我们认为这两种方法的基本理论假设——认知方法和经典方法或综合征方法——有相似之处。因此，提出俄语中获得性书写障碍病例的识别可能会从认知神经心理学的角度受益。我们还得出结论，采用综合征方法的元素将大大丰富对获得性书写障碍的理解，因为这些元素提供了对认知神经心理学方法中未描述的过程的洞察。