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Preschooler's Understanding of the Role of Mental States and Action in Pretense
Journal of Cognition and Development ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2004-05-01 , DOI: 10.1207/s15327647jcd0502_3
Patricia A Ganea 1 , Angeline S Lillard , Eric Turkheimer
Affiliation  

This research investigated 3- to 5-year-old's understanding of the role of intentional states and action in pretense. There are two main perspectives on how children conceptualize pretense. One view is that children understand the mental aspects of pretending (the rich interpretation). The alternative view is that children conceptualize pretense as "acting-like" and do not appreciate that the mind is crucial to pretense (the lean interpretation). The experiments in this article used a novel approach to test these two interpretations. Children were presented with two types of videotaped scenarios. In Experiment 1, children were presented with a scenario in which people wanted to be like something else (e.g., a kangaroo) and either acted like it or did not act like it. Children were asked whether the protagonists were pretending and whether they were thinking about the pretend entity. In Experiment 2, children were presented with the Experiment 1 scenarios and also with a scenario in which a person had the intention to do something else (e.g., look for her keys) but whose actions were similar to those of a pretend entity (e.g., a bear). Children were asked about the pretense, thoughts, and the intentions of the protagonists. Experiment 3 tested for the effect of asking an open-ended versus a forced-choice question on the Experiment 2 tasks. The results of this study suggest that in certain facilitating conditions (e.g., intention information salient, forced-choice question) children have an early understanding of the role of mind in pretense.

中文翻译:

学龄前儿童对心理状态作用的理解和伪装中的行动

这项研究调查了 3 至 5 岁儿童对故意状态和伪装行为的作用的理解。关于儿童如何概念化伪装,有两种主要观点。一种观点认为孩子们理解假装的心理方面(丰富的解释)。另一种观点是,孩子们将伪装概念化为“表现得像”,并且不明白大脑对于伪装至关重要(精益解释)。本文中的实验使用了一种新颖的方法来测试这两种解释。向儿童展示了两种类型的录像场景。在实验 1 中,给孩子们展示了一个场景,在这个场景中,人们想要变得像其他东西(例如袋鼠),并且要么表现得像它,要么不像它那样表现。孩子们被问及主角是否在假装以及他们是否在考虑假装实体。在实验 2 中,向儿童展示了实验 1 的场景以及一个场景,其中一个人有意图做其他事情(例如,寻找她的钥匙)但其行为与假装实体的行为相似(例如,一只熊)。孩子们被问及主角的伪装、想法和意图。实验 3 测试了在实验 2 任务中询问开放式问题与强制选择问题的效果。这项研究的结果表明,在某些便利条件下(例如,意图信息突出,强制选择问题),儿童对假装的心理作用有早期的理解。给孩子们展示了实验 1 的场景以及一个人有意图做其他事情(例如,寻找她的钥匙)但其行为与假装实体(例如熊)的行为相似的场景。孩子们被问及主角的伪装、想法和意图。实验 3 测试了在实验 2 任务中询问开放式问题与强制选择问题的效果。这项研究的结果表明,在某些便利条件下(例如,意图信息突出,强制选择问题),儿童对假装的心理作用有早期的理解。给孩子们展示了实验 1 的场景以及一个人有意图做其他事情(例如,寻找她的钥匙)但其行为与假装实体(例如熊)的行为相似的场景。孩子们被问及主角的伪装、想法和意图。实验 3 测试了在实验 2 任务中询问开放式问题与强制选择问题的效果。这项研究的结果表明,在某些便利条件下(例如,意图信息突出,强制选择问题),儿童对假装的心理作用有早期的理解。寻找她的钥匙)但其行为类似于假装实体(例如熊)的行为。孩子们被问及主角的伪装、想法和意图。实验 3 测试了在实验 2 任务中询问开放式问题与强制选择问题的效果。这项研究的结果表明,在某些便利条件下(例如,意图信息突出,强制选择问题),儿童对假装的心理作用有早期的理解。寻找她的钥匙)但其行为与假装实体(例如熊)的行为相似。孩子们被问及主角的伪装、想法和意图。实验 3 测试了在实验 2 任务中询问开放式问题与强制选择问题的效果。这项研究的结果表明,在某些便利条件下(例如,意图信息突出,强制选择问题),儿童对假装的心理作用有早期的理解。
更新日期:2004-05-01
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