Cirrhosis is the final stage of most of chronic liver diseases, and is almost invariably complicated by portal hypertension, which is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. This review will focus on the non-invasive methods currently used in clinical practice for diagnosing liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The first-line techniques include physical examination, laboratory parameters, transient elastography and Doppler-US. More sophisticated imaging methods which are less commonly employed are CT scan and MRI, and new technologies which are currently under evaluation are MR elastography and acoustic radiation force imaging (ARFI). Even if none of them can replace the invasive measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient and the endoscopic screening of gastroesophageal varices, they notably facilitate the clinical management of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, and provide valuable prognostic information.

中文翻译：

---

肝硬化和门静脉高压症的无创诊断和预后评估。

肝硬化是大多数慢性肝病的最后阶段，几乎无一例外地并发门脉高压，这是这些患者发病和死亡的最重要原因。本综述将重点介绍目前临床实践中用于诊断肝硬化和门静脉高压的非侵入性方法。一线技术包括体格检查、实验室参数、瞬时弹性成像和多普勒超声。不太常用的更复杂的成像方法是 CT 扫描和 MRI，目前正在评估的新技术是 MR 弹性成像和声辐射力成像 (ARFI)。即使它们都不能替代肝静脉压力梯度的有创测量和胃食管静脉曲张的内镜筛查，