Since 1996, 16 states and the District of Columbia in the United States have enacted legislation to decriminalize marijuana for medical use. Although marijuana is the most commonly detected nonalcohol drug in drivers, its role in crash causation remains unsettled. To assess the association between marijuana use and crash risk, the authors performed a meta-analysis of 9 epidemiologic studies published in English in the past 2 decades identified through a systematic search of bibliographic databases. Estimated odds ratios relating marijuana use to crash risk reported in these studies ranged from 0.85 to 7.16. Pooled analysis based on the random-effects model yielded a summary odds ratio of 2.66 (95% confidence interval: 2.07, 3.41). Analysis of individual studies indicated that the heightened risk of crash involvement associated with marijuana use persisted after adjustment for confounding variables and that the risk of crash involvement increased in a dose-response fashion with the concentration of 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol detected in the urine and the frequency of self-reported marijuana use. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that marijuana use by drivers is associated with a significantly increased risk of being involved in motor vehicle crashes.

中文翻译：

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吸食大麻和机动车事故。


自1996年以来，美国16个州和哥伦比亚特区颁布立法，将医用大麻合法化。尽管大麻是驾驶员中最常检测到的非酒精药物，但其在车祸因果关系中的作用仍不确定。为了评估吸食大麻与车祸风险之间的关联，作者对过去 20 年以英文发表的 9 项流行病学研究进行了荟萃分析，这些研究是通过系统检索书目数据库确定的。这些研究中报告的大麻使用与车祸风险相关的估计比值比范围为 0.85 至 7.16。基于随机效应模型的汇总分析得出的总结优势比为 2.66（95% 置信区间：2.07、3.41）。对个别研究的分析表明，在调整混杂变量后，与吸食大麻相关的撞车风险仍然存在，并且撞车风险随着 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-浓度的增加而以剂量反应方式增加。尿液中检测到的 9-四氢大麻酚以及自我报告的吸食大麻的频率。这项荟萃分析的结果表明，驾驶员吸食大麻与卷入机动车碰撞事故的风险显着增加有关。