BACKGROUND Prevalence of depressive disorders among adolescents has varied across studies. The present study aims to assess current and lifetime prevalence and characteristics of adolescent Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Dysthymia and Depression NOS among adolescents in Central Norway in addition to socio-demographics and use of mental health care. METHOD In the Youth and Mental Health Study a representative sample of 2432 junior high school students (mean age 14.9 years, SD = 0.6) from two counties in Central Norway were screened with the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). A subset of 345 of these adolescents (72.5% girls), 220 high scorers (MFQ = > 26), 74 middle scorers (MFQ 7-25), and 50 low scorers (MFQ < 7), 1 unknown score, were drawn and interviewed with the Kiddie SADS-PL (Present-Life Version). In all, 79% had parental interviews as well. All estimates of prevalence rates and population shares were weighted back using a sandwich estimator to yield true population estimates. RESULTS Almost one in four subjects (23%) had life-time depression. Prevalences of current Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Dysthymia and "Double depression" were 2.6%, 1.0% and 0.6%, respectively, and for Depression NOS 6.3%.All depressive disorders were characterized by long duration of episodes with large variations, and for any depressive disorder onset before 12 years of age. In multivariate analyses MDD and Dysthymia were most strongly associated with gender and not living with both biological parents. There was no gender difference for Depression NOS. Although a considerable number of depressed subjects had received mental health care, the reason for contact with services was seldom due to affective symptoms. Less than 20% had been in contact with specialist mental health services. CONCLUSION High rates of Depression NOS, early onset of depressive episodes, long duration, and low use of specialized services point to the need for improved diagnostic assessment and treatment for young individuals.

中文翻译：

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挪威中部早期青少年抑郁症的患病率和特征。

背景 青少年抑郁症的患病率因研究而异。本研究旨在评估挪威中部青少年重度抑郁症 (MDD)、心境恶劣和抑郁 NOS 目前和终生的患病率和特征，以及社会人口统计学和心理保健的使用情况。方法 在青年与心理健康研究中，对来自挪威中部两个县的 2432 名初中学生（平均年龄 14.9 岁，SD = 0.6）的代表性样本进行了情绪和情感问卷 (MFQ) 筛选。抽取了这些青少年中的 345 名（72.5% 女孩）、220 名高分者（MFQ = > 26）、74 名中分者（MFQ 7-25）和 50 名低分者（MFQ < 7）（1 个未知分数）的子集，并接受了 Kiddie SADS-PL（现世版）的采访。在所有，79% 的人也接受了父母的采访。使用三明治估计器对流行率和人口份额的所有估计进行加权，以产生真实的人口估计。结果 几乎四分之一的受试者 (23%) 患有终生抑郁症。当前重度抑郁症 (MDD)、心境恶劣和“双重抑郁症”的患病率分别为 2.6%、1.0% 和 0.6%，抑郁症 NOS 的患病率为 6.3%。对于任何在 12 岁之前发作的抑郁症。在多变量分析中，MDD 和心境恶劣与性别最密切相关，而不是与亲生父母同住。抑郁 NOS 没有性别差异。尽管有相当多的抑郁症受试者接受了心理健康护理，接触服务的原因很少是由于情感症状。不到 20% 的人曾接触过专业的心理健康服务。结论 抑郁 NOS 发生率高、抑郁发作早、持续时间长、专业服务使用率低表明需要改进对年轻人的诊断评估和治疗。