In order to establish a reliable and highly efficient method for genetic transformation of pepper, a monitoring system featuring GFP (green fluorescent protein) as a report marker was applied to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A callus-induced transformation (CIT) system was used to transform the GFP gene. GFP expression was observed in all tissues of T₀, T₁ and T₂ peppers, constituting the first instance in which the whole pepper plant has exhibited GFP fluorescence. A total of 38 T₀ peppers were obtained from 4,200 explants. The transformation rate ranged from 0.47 to 1.83% depending on the genotype, which was higher than that obtained by CIT without the GFP monitoring system. This technique could enhance selection power by monitoring GFP expression at the early stage of callus in vitro. The detection of GFP expression in the callus led to successful identification of the shoot that contained the transgene. Thus, this technique saved lots of time and money for conducting the genetic transformation process of pepper. In addition, a co-transformation technique was applied to the target transgene, CaCS (encoding capsaicinoid synthetase of Capsicum) along with GFP. Paprika varieties were transformed by the CaCS::GFP construct, and GFP expression in callus tissues of paprika was monitored to select the right transformant.

中文翻译：

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通过 GFP 监测在早期发育阶段检测转基因提高了辣椒遗传转化的效率。

为了建立一种可靠、高效的辣椒遗传转化方法，将GFP（绿色荧光蛋白）作为报告标记的监测系统应用于农杆菌介导的转化。使用愈伤组织诱导转化 (CIT) 系统转化GFP基因。在T ₀、T ₁和T ₂辣椒的所有组织中都观察到了GFP表达，构成了整个辣椒植物都表现出GFP荧光的第一个实例。共 38 T ₀辣椒来自 4,200 个外植体。根据基因型的不同，转化率从 0.47% 到 1.83% 不等，高于 CIT 在没有 GFP 监测系统的情况下获得的转化率。该技术可以通过在体外愈伤组织早期监测 GFP 表达来增强选择能力。愈伤组织中 GFP 表达的检测导致成功鉴定含有转基因的枝条。因此，这项技术为辣椒的遗传转化过程节省了大量的时间和金钱。此外，一个共转化技术被施加到目标转基因，CACS（编码的类辣椒素合成酶辣椒）沿着GFP。辣椒粉品种被CaCS::GFP转化 构建体，并监测辣椒粉愈伤组织中的 GFP 表达以选择正确的转化体。