BACKGROUND Maize seedlings are constantly exposed to inorganic phosphate (Pi)-limited environments. To understand how maize cope with low Pi (LP) and high Pi (HP) conditions, physiological and global proteomic analysis of QXN233 genotype were performed under the long-term Pi starvation and supplementation. METHODS We investigated the physiological response of QXN233 genotype to LP and HP conditions and detected the changes in ion fluxes by non-invasive micro-test technology and gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. QXN233 was further assessed using vermiculite assay, and then proteins were isolated and identified by nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS A negative relationship was observed between Na+ and Pi, and Na+ efflux was enhanced under HP condition. Furthermore, a total of 681 and 1374 were identified in the leaves and roots, respectively, which were mostly involved in metabolism, ion transport, and stress response. Importantly, several key Pi transporters were identified for breeding potential. Several ion transporters demonstrated an elaborate interplay between Pi and other ions, together contributing to the growth of QXN233 seedlings. CONCLUSION The results from this study provide insights into the response of maize seedlings to long-term Pi exposure.

中文翻译：

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通过蛋白质组学分析确定的玉米 (Zea mays L.) 幼苗对长期暴露于不同磷酸盐水平的反应的关键因素。

背景技术玉米幼苗不断地暴露于无机磷酸盐(Pi)受限的环境中。为了了解玉米如何应对低磷 (LP) 和高磷 (HP) 条件，在长期磷饥饿和补充条件下对 QXN233 基因型进行了生理和整体蛋白质组学分析。方法我们研究了QXN233基因型对LP和HP条件的生理反应，通过无创微测试技术检测离子通量的变化，通过定量实时聚合酶链反应检测基因表达。QXN233 采用蛭石法进一步评估，然后通过纳米液相色谱-质谱法分离和鉴定蛋白质。结果Na+与Pi呈负相关，HP条件下Na+外排增强。此外，在叶和根中分别鉴定出 681 和 1374 个，它们主要参与代谢、离子转运和应激反应。重要的是，确定了几个关键的 Pi 转运蛋白具有育种潜力。几种离子转运蛋白展示了 Pi 和其他离子之间的复杂相互作用，共同促进了 QXN233 幼苗的生长。结论 本研究的结果为玉米幼苗对长期 Pi 暴露的反应提供了见解。