Ranking above AIDS, Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death affecting and killing many individuals every year. Drugs’ efficacy is limited by a series of problems such as Multi- Drug Resistance (MDR) and Extensively-Drug Resistance (XDR). Meanwhile, the only licensed vaccine BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) existing for over 90 years is not effective enough. Consequently, it is essential to develop novel vaccines for TB prevention and immunotherapy. This paper provides an overall review of the TB prevalence, immune system response against TB and recent progress of TB vaccine research and development. Several vaccines in clinical trials are described as well as LAM-based candidates.

结核病（TB）排名高于艾滋病，是每年影响和杀死许多人的第九大死亡原因。药物的功效受到一系列问题的限制，例如多重耐药性（MDR）和广泛耐药性（XDR）。同时，存在超过90年的唯一获得许可的疫苗BCG（卡介苗）。因此，开发用于结核预防和免疫疗法的新型疫苗至关重要。本文全面回顾了结核病的流行情况，针对结核病的免疫系统反应以及结核病疫苗研究和开发的最新进展。描述了几种临床试验中的疫苗以及基于LAM的候选药物。