Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are emerging as a novel tool to improve existing cancer therapeutics. GNPs are being used as radiation dose enhancers in radiation therapy as well as anticancer drugs carriers in chemotherapy. However, the success of GNP-based therapeutics depends on their ability to penetrate tumor tissue. GNPs of 20 and 50 nm diameters were used to elucidate the effects of size on the GNP interaction with tumor cells at monolayer and multilayer level. At monolayer cell level, smaller NPs had a lower uptake compared to larger NPs at monolayer cell level. However, the order was reversed at tissue-like multilayer level. The smaller NPs penetrated better compared to larger NPs in tissue-like materials. Based on our study using tissue-like materials, we can predict that the smaller NPs are better for future therapeutics due to their greater penetration in tumor tissue once leaving the leaky blood vessels. In this study, tissue-like multilayer cellular structures (MLCs) were grown to model the post-vascular tumor environment. The MLCs exhibited a much more extensive extracellular matrix than monolayer cell cultures. The MLC model can be used to optimize the nano-micro interface at tissue level before moving into animal models. This would accelerate the use of NPs in future cancer therapeutics.

中文翻译：

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使用单层和多层（组织样）细胞模型在纳米-微米界面上进行尺寸依赖性金纳米粒子相互作用。

金纳米颗粒（GNP）正在成为改善现有癌症治疗的新工具。GNP 被用作放射治疗中的辐射剂量增强剂以及化疗中的抗癌药物载体。然而，基于 GNP 的疗法的成功取决于它们穿透肿瘤组织的能力。直径为 20 和 50 nm 的 GNP 用于阐明尺寸对 GNP 与单层和多层肿瘤细胞相互作用的影响。在单层细胞水平上，与单层细胞水平上较大的纳米颗粒相比，较小的纳米颗粒的吸收较低。然而，在组织样多层水平上，顺序却相反。与较大的纳米粒子相比，较小的纳米粒子在组织样材料中的渗透性更好。根据我们使用组织样材料的研究，我们可以预测，较小的纳米颗粒更适合未来的治疗，因为一旦离开渗漏的血管，它们在肿瘤组织中的渗透力更大。在这项研究中，生长了组织样多层细胞结构（MLC）来模拟血管后肿瘤环境。MLC 表现出比单层细胞培养物更广泛的细胞外基质。MLC 模型可用于在进入动物模型之前优化组织水平的纳米-微米界面。这将加速纳米粒子在未来癌症治疗中的使用。