Introduction of non-native species, such as Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), can be a means of mitigating the effects of climate change by meeting the growing demand for biomass and high quality wood. The aim of this study was to investigate early growth, survival and damage from late-spring frost and winter desiccation. A provenance trial with four coastal and three interior provenances of Douglas-fir originating from British Columbia, Canada, was established in Southwest Sweden (56°43′N, 13°08′E). Seedling height, length of the leading shoot, and occurrence of frost damage, were measured after one, three, and six growing seasons. Timing of bud break in spring was also observed. The interior Douglas-fir were more frequently damaged by late-spring frost compared to the coastal Douglas-fir. The interior Douglas-fir still had a higher survival after six growing seasons compared to the coastal variety. All provenances were damaged by winter desiccation, but the provenances originating from the coastal area were more severely damaged. Choice of variety may reduce the risk for either late-spring frost or winter desiccation.

中文翻译：

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瑞典南部道格拉斯冷杉幼苗的存活，早期生长以及后期霜冻和冬季干燥造成的损害影响。

引进非本地物种，例如花旗松（Pseudotsuga menziesii（Mirb。）Franco），可以通过满足对生物质和优质木材不断增长的需求来减轻气候变化的影响。这项研究的目的是调查后期霜冻和冬季干燥引起的早期生长，存活和损害。在瑞典西南部（56°43′N，13°08′E）建立了一个起源于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的道格拉斯冷杉的四个沿海和三个内部起源的起源试验。在生长一个，三个和六个生长季节后，测量幼苗的高度，前梢的长度和霜冻的发生。还观察到春季芽破裂的时间。与沿海道格拉斯冷杉相比，后期道格拉斯冷杉更容易受到后期霜冻的破坏。与沿海品种相比，经过六个生长季节后，道格拉斯冷杉内部仍具有较高的存活率。冬季的干燥破坏了所有种源，但来自沿海地区的种源受到的破坏更为严重。选择品种可以减少春季霜冻或冬季干燥的风险。