Glycogen and trehalose are important sources of energy in insects. The expression of genes encoding the key metabolic enzymes—glycogen synthase (GS), glycogen phosphorylase (GP), trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS-1), soluble trehalase (Tre-1) and membrane-bound trehalase (Tre-2)—was analyzed in 12 developmental stages of Apis mellifera worker brood. The content of GS and GP proteins, TPS activity, total trehalase activity, and the activity of Tre-1 and Tre-2 were determined. Transcript quantity was not always correlated with the content of the encoded GS or GP protein. The correlation was higher for GS (r = 0.797) than GP (r = 0.651). The expression of the glycogen synthase gene (gs) and the glycogen phosphorylase gene (gp) was high in 4- and 7-day-old larvae and in pupae, excluding the last pupal stage. The expression of the tps-1 gene was highest in the mid-pupal stage and contributed to higher enzyme activity in that stage. The expression of the tre-1 gene was higher than the expression of the tre-2 gene throughout development. In newly hatched workers, the expression of genes encoding catabolic enzymes of both carbohydrates, gp and tre-1, was higher than the expression of genes encoding anabolic enzymes. The results of this study suggest that sugar metabolism genes have somewhat different control mechanisms during larval development and metamorphosis.

中文翻译：

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蜜蜂储存碳水化合物的合成代谢和分解代谢酶的基因表达和酶活性的发育变化，Apis mellifera

糖原和海藻糖是昆虫的重要能量来源。编码关键代谢酶的基因表达——糖原合酶 (GS)、糖原磷酸化酶 (GP)、6-磷酸海藻糖合酶 (TPS-1)、可溶性海藻糖酶 (Tre-1) 和膜结合海藻糖酶 (Tre-2) )——在蜜蜂工蜂的 12 个发育阶段进行了分析。测定GS和GP蛋白的含量、TPS活性、总海藻糖酶活性以及Tre-1和Tre-2的活性。转录量并不总是与编码的 GS 或 GP 蛋白的含量相关。GS (r = 0.797) 的相关性高于 GP (r = 0.651)。糖原合酶基因 (gs) 和糖原磷酸化酶基因 (gp) 在 4 天和 7 天大的幼虫和蛹中的表达很高，不包括最后的蛹阶段。tps-1 基因的表达在蛹中期阶段最高，并有助于该阶段更高的酶活性。在整个发育过程中，tre-1 基因的表达高于 tre-2 基因的表达。在新孵化的工人中，编码碳水化合物分解代谢酶 gp 和 tre-1 的基因的表达高于编码合成代谢酶的基因的表达。本研究结果表明，糖代谢基因在幼虫发育和变态过程中具有不同的调控机制。gp 和 tre-1，高于编码合成代谢酶的基因的表达。本研究结果表明，糖代谢基因在幼虫发育和变态过程中具有不同的调控机制。gp 和 tre-1，高于编码合成代谢酶的基因的表达。本研究结果表明，糖代谢基因在幼虫发育和变态过程中具有不同的调控机制。