Much is said about Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) publics opposing gender equality, often referring to patriarchal Islam. However, nuanced large-scale studies addressing which specific aspects of religiosity affect support for gender equality across the MENA are conspicuously absent. This study develops and tests a gendered agentic socialization framework that proposes that MENA citizens are not only passively socialized by religion but also have agency (within their religiosity). This disaggregates the influence of religiosity, highlights its multifacetedness, and theorizes the moderating roles that gender and sociocognitive empowerment play via gendered processes of agentic dissociations. Using 15 World Values Surveys and multilevel models, our analyses show that most dimensions of religiosity fuel opposition to gender equality. However, the salience of religion in daily life is found to increase women's support for gender equality and cushion the negative impact of religious service attendance. Also, gender and education moderate the impacts of several religiosity dimensions; for instance, women's (initially greater) support for gender equality more sharply declines with increased service attendance than men's. Altogether, this study finds that religious socialization is multifaceted and gendered, and that certain men and women are inclined and equipped to deviate from dominant patriarchal religious interpretations.

中文翻译：

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重新认识阿拉伯国家的宗教和对两性平等的支持。

关于反对性别平等的中东和北非（MENA）公众的说法很多，通常是指家长制的伊斯兰教。但是，显然缺乏针对宗教信仰哪些方面影响整个中东和北非地区性别平等支持的细微差别的大规模研究。这项研究开发和测试了一个性别特工社会化框架，该框架提出，中东和北非公民不仅通过宗教被动地社会化，而且在他们的宗教信仰范围内具有代理权。这可以归纳出宗教的影响，突出其多方面性，并从性别角度解释社会性别授权和社会认知授权通过中介解离过程发挥的调节作用。通过使用15个世界价值调查和多层次模型，我们的分析表明，宗教信仰的大多数层面都助长了对性别平等的反对。然而，人们发现，宗教在日常生活中的显着性增加了妇女对两性平等的支持，并减轻了参加宗教仪式的负面影响。此外，性别和教育减轻了几个宗教层面的影响；例如，妇女（最初更多）对两性平等的支持随着男性服务人数的增加而急剧下降。总而言之，这项研究发现宗教社会化是多方面的和性别的，并且某些男人和女人倾向于并且有能力偏离宗法的主流宗教解释。例如，妇女（最初更多）对两性平等的支持随着男性服务人数的增加而急剧下降。总而言之，这项研究发现宗教社会化是多方面的和性别的，并且某些男人和女人倾向于并且有能力偏离宗法的主流宗教解释。例如，妇女（最初更多）对两性平等的支持随着男性服务人数的增加而急剧下降。总而言之，这项研究发现宗教社会化是多方面的和性别的，并且某些男人和女人倾向于并且有能力偏离宗法的主流宗教解释。