The Common quail Coturnixcoturnix Linnaeus, 1758 is a wild migratory bird which is distributed in Eurasia and North Africa, everywhere with an accelerating decline in population size. This species is protected by the Bonn and Berne conventions (1979) and by annex II/1 of the Birds Directive (2009). In Algeria, its breeding took place at the hunting centre in the west of the country. Breeding errors caused uncontrolled crosses between the Common quail and Japanese quail Coturnixjaponica Temminck & Schlegel, 1849. In order to help to preserve the natural genetic heritage of the Common quail and to lift the ambiguity among the populations of quail raised in Algeria, it seemed essential to begin to describe the chromosomes of this species in the country since no cytogenetic study has been reported to date. Fibroblast cultures from embryo and adult animal were initiated. Double synchronization with excess thymidine allowed us to obtain high resolution chromosomes blocked at prometaphase stage. The karyotype and the idiogram in GTG morphological banding (G-bands obtained with trypsin and Giemsa) corresponding to larger chromosomes 1-12 and ZW pair were thus established. The diploid set of chromosomes was estimated as 2N=78. Cytogenetic analysis of expected hybrid animals revealed the presence of a genetic introgression and cellular chimerism. This technique is effective in distinguishing the two quail taxa. Furthermore, the comparative chromosomal analysis of the two quails and domestic chicken Gallusgallusdomesticus Linnaeus, 1758 has been conducted. Differences in morphology and/or GTG band motifs were observed on 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 and W chromosomes. Neocentromere occurrence was suggested for Common quail chromosome 1 and Chicken chromosomes 4 and W. Double pericentric inversion was observed on the Common quail chromosome 2 while pericentric inversion hypothesis was proposed for Chicken chromosome 8. A deletion on the short arm of the Common quail chromosome 7 was also found. These results suggest that Common quail would be a chromosomally intermediate species between Chicken and Japanese quail. The appearance of only a few intrachromosomal rearrangements that occurred during evolution suggests that the organization of the genome is highly conserved between these three galliform species.

中文翻译：

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母鸡×母鸡嵌合体的显带细胞遗传学及与家禽的比较分析。


鹌鹑 Coturnixcoturnix Linnaeus, 1758 是一种野生候鸟，分布于欧亚大陆和北非，各地种群数量正在加速下降。该物种受到《波恩公约》和《伯尔尼公约》（1979 年）以及《鸟类指令》附件 II/1（2009 年）的保护。在阿尔及利亚，它的繁殖是在该国西部的狩猎中心进行的。育种错误导致普通鹌鹑和日本鹌鹑 Coturnixjaponica Temminck & Schlegel, 1849 之间不受控制的杂交。为了帮助保护普通鹌鹑的自然遗传遗产并消除阿尔及利亚饲养的鹌鹑种群之间的模糊性，似乎有必要由于迄今为止尚未报道细胞遗传学研究，因此开始描述该国该物种的染色体。开始从胚胎和成年动物中培养成纤维细胞。过量胸苷的双重同步使我们能够获得在中期阶段封闭的高分辨率染色体。由此建立了对应于较大染色体1-12和ZW对的核型和GTG形态带（用胰蛋白酶和吉姆萨获得的G带）中的表意文字。二倍体染色体组估计为 2N=78。对预期杂交动物的细胞遗传学分析揭示了基因渗入和细胞嵌合的存在。该技术可有效区分两个鹌鹑类群。此外，还对两种鹌鹑和家鸡 Gallusgallusdomesticus Linnaeus, 1758 进行了比较染色体分析。在 1、2、4、7、8 和 W 染色体上观察到形态和/或 GTG 带基序的差异。建议鹌鹑 1 号染色体以及鸡 4 号和 W 号染色体上存在新着丝粒。 在鹌鹑2号染色体上观察到双周着丝粒倒位，而对鸡8号染色体提出了周周倒位假说。在鹌鹑7号染色体的短臂上也发现了缺失。这些结果表明普通鹌鹑可能是介于鸡和日本鹌鹑之间的染色体中间物种。进化过程中仅出现少量染色体内重排，这表明这三种鸡形动物的基因组结构高度保守。