Karyotypes of 65 species of the genus Nothobranchius Peters, 1868 were reviewed and of those 35 examined first time. The results of present study have shown that fishes of the genus Nothobranchius possessed highly diverse karyotypes. The diploid chromosome number (2n) ranged from 16 to 50. The most frequent 2n was 2n = 36 (in 35 species) while the second one 2n = 38 (in 13 species). Proportion of biarmed chromosomes varied from 0 to 95% between species. Diploid chromosome number variability apparently exists as a result of chromosomal fusions or fissions and extensive karyotypic formula alterations promoting by inversions. Multiple sex chromosomes of system X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y type were found only in karyotypes of 5 species. The extensive karyotype variability, unusual for teleosts, of genus Nothobranchius can be likely associated with the characteristics of its life cycle and inhabiting under unstable environment of East African savannah temporal pools.

中文翻译：

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非洲鱼类Nothobranchius（Cyprinodontiformes）的广泛核型变异。

审查了1868年Nothobranchius Peters属的65种核型，并首次检查了35种。本研究的结果表明，Nothobranchius属的鱼类具有高度多样的核型。二倍体染色体数（2n）介于16至50之间。最常见的2n为2n = 36（在35个物种中），第二个2n = 38（在13个物种中）。物种之间的双臂染色体的比例从0到95％不等。由于染色体融合或裂变以及反演促进了广泛的核型式改变，二倍体染色体数变异性显然存在。系统X1X1X2X2 / X1X2Y型的多性染色体仅在5种核型中发现。广泛的核型变异，硬骨鱼不常见，