We propose a model of healthy intentional emotion regulation that includes (1) a large repertoire of (2) adaptive strategies that (3) one persists with despite initial negative feedback. One hundred forty-four undergraduates (average age = 19.20 years; 68% female, 79% Caucasian) completed a novel performance task indicating what they would think or do to feel better in response to eleven stressful vignettes. After their initial response, participants indicated four more times how they would respond if their previous strategy was not working. Raters categorized each response as an emotion regulation strategy and coded the adaptiveness of each strategy. Participants self-reported Neuroticism, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms, and depressive symptoms. We regressed each personality dimension and psychopathology symptom on our model of healthy emotion regulation. Neuroticism was negatively associated with adaptiveness and persistence. Extraversion was positively associated with adaptiveness. Conscientiousness was positively associated with repertoire, adaptiveness, and persistence, while BPD symptoms were negatively associated with all three variables. Depressive symptoms were negatively associated with persistence. These preliminary findings suggest that people with larger repertoires of more adaptive emotion regulation strategies who persist with these strategies despite initial negative feedback report less personality pathology and psychological distress.

中文翻译：

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灵活而坚定：健康的情绪调节模型。

我们提出了一种健康的故意情绪调节模型，该模型包括（1）大量的（2）自适应策略，（3）尽管最初出现了负面反馈，但这种策略仍然存在。一百四十四名本科生（平均年龄= 19.20岁； 68％的女性，79％的白种人）完成了一项新颖的表演任务，表明他们对11种压力渐晕的反应会觉得或会感觉更好。最初的回应后，参与者又说了四次，如果先前的策略不起作用，他们将如何回应。评分者将每个响应归类为一种情绪调节策略，并对每个策略的适应性进行编码。参与者自我报告神经质，外向性，尽责性，边缘性人格障碍（BPD）症状和抑郁症状。我们在健康情绪调节模型上回归了每个人格维度和心理病理症状。神经质与适应性和持久性负相关。外向性与适应性呈正相关。尽责性与曲目，适应性和持久性呈正相关，而BPD症状与所有三个变量均呈负相关。抑郁症状与持续性负相关。这些初步发现表明，尽管最初的负面反馈中，具有较大适应性情绪调节策略的人仍坚持这些策略，但其人格病理和心理困扰较少。外向性与适应性呈正相关。尽责性与曲目，适应性和持久性呈正相关，而BPD症状与所有三个变量均呈负相关。抑郁症状与持续性负相关。这些初步发现表明，尽管最初的负面反馈中，具有较大适应性情绪调节策略的人仍坚持这些策略，但其人格病理和心理困扰较少。外向性与适应性呈正相关。尽责性与曲目，适应性和持久性呈正相关，而BPD症状与所有三个变量均呈负相关。抑郁症状与持续性负相关。这些初步发现表明，尽管最初的负面反馈中，具有较大适应性情绪调节策略的人仍坚持这些策略，但其人格病理和心理困扰较少。