Interventions to mitigate household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with solid fuels often fail to take into account the role of access to freely available woodfuels in determining fuel choice and willingness to adopt clean cooking technologies, key factors in mitigating the burden of HAP. We use national-scale remote sensing data on land use land cover change, and population representative data from two waves of the Malawi Living Standards Measurement Survey to explore the relationship between land use change and the type of fuel households use, time spent collecting fuel, and expenditures on fuel, hypothesizing that land use dynamics influence household-level choice of primary cooking fuel. We find considerable heterogeneity with respect to regeneration and deforestation/degradation dynamics and evidence of spatial clustering. We find that regeneration of forests and woodlands increases the share of households that collect fuelwood, whereas deforestation and degradation lead households to purchase fuelwood. We also find that relatively large share of land under woody savannah or degraded forest (vs. fully stocked forest) increases fuel collection time. Areas with regeneration happening at broader scale experience increases in fuel expenditures. Our findings have implications for the spatial targeting of interventions designed to mitigate household air pollution.

中文翻译：

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马拉维的土地利用和家庭能源动态。


减轻使用固体燃料烹饪造成的家庭空气污染 (HAP) 的干预措施往往没有考虑到免费获得木质燃料在决定燃料选择和采用清洁烹饪技术的意愿方面的作用，而这些是减轻 HAP 负担的关键因素。我们利用国家尺度的土地利用土地覆盖变化遥感数据以及马拉维生活水平测量调查的两波人口代表性数据来探讨土地利用变化与家庭使用的燃料类型、收集燃料所花费的时间、和燃料支出，假设土地利用动态影响家庭对主要烹饪燃料的选择。我们发现再生和森林砍伐/退化动态以及空间聚集证据方面存在相当大的异质性。我们发现，森林和林地的再生增加了收集薪材的家庭比例，而森林砍伐和退化则导致家庭购买薪材。我们还发现，木质稀树草原或退化森林（相对于资源丰富的森林）下相对较大比例的土地会增加燃料收集时间。大规模再生的地区会经历燃料支出的增加。我们的研究结果对于旨在减轻家庭空气污染的干预措施的空间目标具有影响。