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Knowledge-based biomedical Data Science.
EPJ Data Science ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2017-01-01 , DOI: 10.3233/ds-170001
Lawrence E Hunter 1
Affiliation  

Computational manipulation of knowledge is an important, and often under-appreciated, aspect of biomedical Data Science. The first Data Science initiative from the US National Institutes of Health was entitled "Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K)." The main emphasis of the more than $200M allocated to that program has been on "Big Data;" the "Knowledge" component has largely been the implicit assumption that the work will lead to new biomedical knowledge. However, there is long-standing and highly productive work in computational knowledge representation and reasoning, and computational processing of knowledge has a role in the world of Data Science. Knowledge-based biomedical Data Science involves the design and implementation of computer systems that act as if they knew about biomedicine. There are many ways in which a computational approach might act as if it knew something: for example, it might be able to answer a natural language question about a biomedical topic, or pass an exam; it might be able to use existing biomedical knowledge to rank or evaluate hypotheses; it might explain or interpret data in light of prior knowledge, either in a Bayesian or other sort of framework. These are all examples of automated reasoning that act on computational representations of knowledge. After a brief survey of existing approaches to knowledge-based data science, this position paper argues that such research is ripe for expansion, and expanded application.

中文翻译:

基于知识的生物医学数据科学。

知识的计算操纵是生物医学数据科学的一个重要且通常未被重视的方面。美国国立卫生研究院的第一个数据科学计划被称为“大数据到知识(BD2K)”。分配给该计划的超过2亿美元的主要重点是“大数据”;“知识”部分很大程度上是这项工作将带来新的生物医学知识的隐含假设。但是,在计算知识表示和推理方面存在着长期且高产的工作,知识的计算处理在数据科学领域中起着重要作用。基于知识的生物医学数据科学涉及计算机系统的设计和实现,这些计算机系统就像对生物医学一样了解。计算方法可以采取多种方式来发挥作用,就好像它了解某些知识一样:例如,它可能能够回答有关生物医学主题的自然语言问题或通过考试;它可能能够使用现有的生物医学知识对假设进行排名或评估;它可能会根据贝叶斯或其他类型的框架中的先验知识来解释或解释数据。这些都是对知识的计算表示起作用的自动推理的示例。在对现有的基于知识的数据科学方法进行简要调查后,本立场文件认为此类研究已经成熟,可以扩展,也可以扩展应用。它可能能够使用现有的生物医学知识对假设进行排名或评估;它可能会根据贝叶斯或其他类型的框架中的先验知识来解释或解释数据。这些都是对知识的计算表示起作用的自动推理的示例。在对现有的基于知识的数据科学方法进行简要调查后,本立场文件认为此类研究已经成熟,可以扩展,也可以扩展应用。它可能能够利用现有的生物医学知识对假设进行排名或评估;它可能会根据贝叶斯或其他类型的框架中的先验知识来解释或解释数据。这些都是对知识的计算表示起作用的自动推理的示例。在对现有的基于知识的数据科学方法进行简要调查之后,本立场文件认为此类研究已经成熟,可以扩展,也可以扩展应用。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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