Dairy and egg products constitute an important part of Western diets as they represent an excellent source of high-quality proteins, vitamins, minerals and fats. Dairy and egg products are highly diverse and their associations with a range of nutritional and health outcomes are therefore heterogeneous. Such associations are also often weak or debated due to the difficulty in establishing correct assessments of dietary intake. Therefore, in order to better characterize associations between the consumption of these foods and health outcomes, it is important to identify reliable biomarkers of their intake. Biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) provide an accurate measure of intake, which is independent of the memory and sincerity of the subjects as well as of their knowledge about the consumed foods. We have, therefore, conducted a systematic search of the scientific literature to evaluate the current status of potential BFIs for dairy products and BFIs for egg products commonly consumed in Europe. Strikingly, only a limited number of compounds have been reported as markers for the intake of these products and none of them have been sufficiently validated. A series of challenges hinders the identification and validation of BFI for dairy and egg products, in particular, the heterogeneous composition of these foods and the lack of specificity of the markers identified so far. Further studies are, therefore, necessary to validate these compounds and to discover new candidate BFIs. Untargeted metabolomic strategies may allow the identification of novel biomarkers, which, when taken separately or in combination, could be used to assess the intake of dairy and egg products.

中文翻译：

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用于评估乳制品和蛋制品消费量的食物摄入生物标志物。


乳制品和蛋制品是西方饮食的重要组成部分，因为它们是优质蛋白质、维生素、矿物质和脂肪的极好来源。乳制品和蛋制品高度多样化，因此它们与一系列营养和健康结果的关联也各不相同。由于难以建立正确的饮食摄入量评估，这种关联也常常很弱或存在争议。因此，为了更好地描述这些食物的消费与健康结果之间的关联，确定其摄入量的可靠生物标志物非常重要。食物摄入生物标志物（BFI）提供了准确的摄入量测量，它独立于受试者的记忆和诚意以及他们对所食用食物的了解。因此，我们对科学文献进行了系统检索，以评估欧洲普遍消费的乳制品潜在 BFI 和蛋制品 BFI 的现状。引人注目的是，只有有限数量的化合物被报道为这些产品摄入的标志物，而且没有一种化合物得到充分验证。一系列挑战阻碍了乳制品和蛋制品 BFI 的鉴定和验证，特别是这些食品的异质成分以及迄今为止鉴定的标记物缺乏特异性。因此，有必要进行进一步的研究来验证这些化合物并发现新的候选 BFI。非靶向代谢组学策略可以识别新的生物标志物，这些生物标志物单独或组合使用时，可用于评估乳制品和蛋制品的摄入量。