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DSCAM differentially modulates pre- and postsynaptic structural and functional central connectivity during visual system wiring.
Neural Development ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-15 , DOI: 10.1186/s13064-018-0118-5
Rommel A Santos 1 , Ariel J C Fuertes 1 , Ginger Short 1 , Kevin C Donohue 1 , Hanjuan Shao 1 , Julian Quintanilla 1 , Parinaz Malakzadeh 1 , Susana Cohen-Cory 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Proper patterning of dendritic and axonal arbors is a critical step in the formation of functional neuronal circuits. Developing circuits rely on an array of molecular cues to shape arbor morphology, but the underlying mechanisms guiding the structural formation and interconnectivity of pre- and postsynaptic arbors in real time remain unclear. Here we explore how Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) differentially shapes the dendritic morphology of central neurons and their presynaptic retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons in the developing vertebrate visual system. METHODS The cell-autonomous role of DSCAM, in tectal neurons and in RGCs, was examined using targeted single-cell knockdown and overexpression approaches in developing Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Axonal arbors of RGCs and dendritic arbors of tectal neurons were visualized using real-time in vivo confocal microscopy imaging over the course of 3 days. RESULTS In the Xenopus visual system, DSCAM immunoreactivity is present in RGCs, cells in the optic tectum and the tectal neuropil at the time retinotectal synaptic connections are made. Downregulating DSCAM in tectal neurons significantly increased dendritic growth and branching rates while inducing dendrites to take on tortuous paths. Overexpression of DSCAM, in contrast, reduced dendritic branching and growth rate. Functional deficits mediated by tectal DSCAM knockdown were examined using visually guided behavioral assays in swimming tadpoles, revealing irregular behavioral responses to visual stimulus. Functional deficits in visual behavior also corresponded with changes in VGLUT/VGAT expression, markers of excitatory and inhibitory transmission, in the tectum. Conversely, single-cell DSCAM knockdown in the retina revealed that RGC axon arborization at the target is influenced by DSCAM, where axons grew at a slower rate and remained relatively simple. In the retina, dendritic arbors of RGCs were not affected by the reduction of DSCAM expression. CONCLUSIONS Together, our observations implicate DSCAM in the control of both pre- and postsynaptic structural and functional connectivity in the developing retinotectal circuit, where it primarily acts as a neuronal brake to limit and guide postsynaptic dendrite growth of tectal neurons while it also facilitates arborization of presynaptic RGC axons cell autonomously.

中文翻译:

在视觉系统接线过程中,DSCAM差分调节突触前后的结构和功能中心连接。

背景技术树突状和轴突状乔木的正确构图是功能性神经元回路形成中的关键步骤。发展中的电路依赖于一系列分子线索来塑造乔木形态,但是实时指导突触前和突触后乔木的结构形成和互连性的潜在机制尚不清楚。在这里,我们探讨了唐氏综合症细胞粘附分子(DSCAM)如何在发育中的脊椎动物视觉系统中差异化塑造中枢神经元的树突形态及其突触前视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)轴突。方法使用靶向单细胞敲低和过度表达的方法研究非洲爪蟾developing中DSCAM在顶神经和RGC中的细胞自主作用。在3天的过程中,使用实时体内共聚焦显微镜成像,可以看到RGC的轴突和树突状神经元的树突。结果在非洲爪蟾视觉系统中,在视网膜-视网膜突触连接建立时,RGC,视神经上皮细胞和神经上皮细胞存在DSCAM免疫反应性。下调顶盖神经元DSCAM显着增加树突生长和分支速度,同时诱导树突采取曲折的路径。相反,DSCAM的过表达降低了树突分支和生长速率。在游泳t中使用视觉引导的行为分析检查了由顶盖DSCAM敲低介导的功能缺陷,揭示了对视觉刺激的不规则行为响应。视觉行为的功能缺陷还与顶盖中VGLUT / VGAT表达,兴奋性和抑制性传递的标志物的变化相对应。相反,视网膜中单细胞DSCAM的敲低表明,靶标处的RGC轴突乔化受DSCAM的影响,DSCAM的轴突生长速度较慢并且保持相对简单。在视网膜中,RGCs的树突状树突不受DSCAM表达降低的影响。结论综上所述,我们的观察结果表明DSCAM既可以控制发育中的视网膜-台上回路中突触前和突触后结构和功能的连接,在该过程中,它主要是作为神经元制动器来限制和引导顶突神经元的突触后树突生长,同时还促进了神经突触的树突化。突触前RGC轴突细胞自主。兴奋和抑制性传播的标志物。相反,视网膜中单细胞DSCAM的敲低表明,靶标处的RGC轴突乔化受DSCAM的影响,DSCAM的轴突生长速度较慢并且保持相对简单。在视网膜中,RGCs的树突状树突不受DSCAM表达降低的影响。结论综上所述,我们的观察结果表明DSCAM既可以控制发育中的视网膜-台上回路中突触前和突触后结构和功能的连接,在该过程中,它主要是作为神经元制动器来限制和引导顶突神经元的突触后树突生长,同时还促进了神经突触的树突化。突触前RGC轴突细胞自主。兴奋和抑制性传播的标志物。相反,视网膜中单细胞DSCAM的敲低表明,靶标处的RGC轴突乔化受DSCAM的影响,DSCAM的轴突生长速度较慢并且保持相对简单。在视网膜中,RGCs的树突状乔木不受DSCAM表达降低的影响。结论综上所述,我们的观察结果表明DSCAM既可以控制发育中的视网膜-台上回路中突触前和突触后结构和功能的连接,在该过程中,它主要是作为神经元制动器来限制和引导顶突神经元的突触后树突生长,同时还促进了神经突触的树突化。突触前RGC轴突细胞自主。视网膜中单细胞DSCAM的敲低表明,靶标处的RGC轴突乔化受DSCAM的影响,DSCAM的轴突生长速度较慢,并且保持相对简单。在视网膜中,RGCs的树突状树突不受DSCAM表达降低的影响。结论综上所述,我们的观察结果表明DSCAM既可以控制发育中的视网膜-台上回路中突触前和突触后的结构和功能的连接,在该过程中,它主要是作为神经元制动器来限制和引导突触后盖状神经元的树突状生长,同时还有助于对突触前RGC轴突细胞自主。视网膜中单细胞DSCAM的敲低表明,靶标处的RGC轴突乔化受DSCAM的影响,DSCAM的轴突生长速度较慢,并且保持相对简单。在视网膜中,RGCs的树突状乔木不受DSCAM表达降低的影响。结论综上所述,我们的观察结果表明DSCAM既可以控制发育中的视网膜-台上回路中突触前和突触后结构和功能的连接,在该过程中,它主要是作为神经元制动器来限制和引导顶突神经元的突触后树突生长,同时还促进了神经突触的树突化。突触前RGC轴突细胞自主。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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