ABSTRACT The wide application of fullerene C60 nanoparticles would inevitably lead to their release into the environment. In order to evaluate the environment risks of C60 and the subsequent effects on ecosystem health, a reliable quantitative methodology of C60 should be established. In this study, a rapid pretreatment method called low-density solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) combined high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detector (HPLC-UV) was developed to detect C60 in environmental water. In this proposed method, toluene and methanol were chosen as the extraction solvent and the dispersive solvent, respectively. The optimized volume of extraction solvent and dispersive solvent were 100 μL and 10 μL, respectively. And the best shaking time was chosen as 10 min at room temperature for the optimal homogenization procedure for the extraction of C60 in water samples. The enrichment factor of 50 was obtained with 100 μL toluene, and the recoveries of C60 from various environmental samples were in the range of 81.4 ± 5.0–101.4 ± 6.2% at 1.25–5.00 µg/L spiked levels. The detection limits of C60 in tap water, surface water, living sewage and mining waste water were 0.19, 0.29, 0.34 and 0.22 μg/L, respectively. The low detection limit, good linear range and high recoveries of C60 in environmental water indicated that the proposed method could provide an efficient approach for the analysis and tracking of C60 in the environment. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

中文翻译：

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使用分散液-液微萃取和高效液相色谱法检测环境水中的 C60

摘要富勒烯C60纳米粒子的广泛应用不可避免地导致它们释放到环境中。为了评估 C60 的环境风险及其对生态系统健康的后续影响，应建立可靠的 C60 定量方法。在本研究中，开发了一种称为低密度溶剂型分散液-液微萃取 (DLLME) 联合高效液相色谱-紫外检测器 (HPLC-UV) 的快速预处理方法，用于检测环境水中的 C60。在该方法中，分别选择甲苯和甲醇作为萃取溶剂和分散溶剂。提取溶剂和分散溶剂的优化体积分别为 100 μL 和 10 μL。最佳振荡时间选择为室温下 10 分钟，以优化水样中 C60 提取的均质过程。使用 100 µL 甲苯获得的富集因子为 50，在 1.25–5.00 µg/L 加标浓度下，各种环境样品中 C60 的回收率范围为 81.4 ± 5.0–101.4 ± 6.2%。自来水、地表水、生活污水和矿山废水中C60的检出限分别为0.19、0.29、0.34和0.22 μg/L。环境水中C60的检出限低、线性范围好、回收率高，表明该方法可以为环境水中C60的分析和跟踪提供一种有效的方法。图形概要 在 1.25–5.00 µg/L 的加标浓度下，各种环境样品中 C60 的回收率在 81.4 ± 5.0–101.4 ± 6.2% 的范围内。自来水、地表水、生活污水和矿山废水中C60的检出限分别为0.19、0.29、0.34和0.22 μg/L。环境水中C60的检出限低、线性范围好、回收率高，表明该方法可以为环境水中C60的分析和跟踪提供一种有效的方法。图形概要 在 1.25–5.00 µg/L 的加标浓度下，各种环境样品中 C60 的回收率在 81.4 ± 5.0–101.4 ± 6.2% 的范围内。自来水、地表水、生活污水和矿山废水中C60的检出限分别为0.19、0.29、0.34和0.22 μg/L。环境水中C60的检出限低、线性范围好、回收率高，表明该方法可以为环境水中C60的分析和跟踪提供一种有效的方法。图形概要 环境水体中C60的良好线性范围和高回收率表明该方法可以为环境中C60的分析和跟踪提供一种有效的方法。图形概要 环境水体中C60的良好线性范围和高回收率表明该方法可以为环境中C60的分析和跟踪提供一种有效的方法。图形概要