Paolo Mantegazza’s science of emotions represents the dominant style of thinking that was fostered by the late nineteenth-century Italian scientific community, a positivist school that believed that the dissemination of Darwin’s evolutionary ideas would promote social progress in that country. Within this collective thought, Mantegazza was committed not only to studying the physiological experience of pain by means of vivisection but also to completing an anthropological study that examined the differences between the expressions of suffering in primitive and civilized cultures.Thus, the meaning of pain appears throughout Mantegazza’s research as a result of applying an ensemble of scientific practices integral to observation, experimentation, and he scientific self, which enabled its main physiological and psychological manifestations to be reproduced in the laboratory. Among these practices, photography allowed Mantegazza to mobilize pain as an emotion whose performativity shaped national identities, such as those that embodied the recently created Italian state.

中文翻译：

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Paolo Mantegazza的《情感科学》中的痛苦实践。

保罗·曼特加扎（Paolo Mantegazza）的情感科学代表了十九世纪末期意大利科学共同体培育的一种主导思维方式，这是一个实证主义者，认为传播达尔文的进化论思想将促进该国的社会进步。在这种集体思想中，曼特加扎（Mantegazza）不仅致力于通过活体解剖研究疼痛的生理体验，而且致力于完成一项人类学研究，以研究原始文化和文明文化中痛苦表达之间的差异。在Mantegazza的整个研究过程中，都采用了对观察，实验和他的科学自我必不可少的一系列科学实践，使它的主要生理和心理表现能够在实验室中重现。在这些实践中，摄影使Mantegazza能够将痛苦作为一种情感动员起来，其表现力塑造了民族身份，例如那些体现了最近创建的意大利国家的身份。