The standard narrative of the development of Western thinking about emotions is that the concept of emotions emerged alongside the secularization of European society and thought and was linked to the emergence of psychology as a discipline. This essay argues that a systematic psychology of affectivity emerged far earlier and can be found in Western Christian thought. In the context of the cultural renewal of the eleventh to thirteenth centuries, Christian anthropology—the conception of the human being—was totally reshaped. We would like to trace the steps of this development. The shift took place gradually from the end of the eleventh century onward, both in the monastic context and in the new scholastic milieu. In earlier medieval times, emotions were understood in terms of the dual moral perspective of vices and virtues, as defined by the parameters of the Fall and Salvation: affective life was largely reduced either to negative disturbances of the soul that a Christian should resist or to a positive love of God that one should cultivate. From the beginning of the twelfth century onward, Western thinking about affective life began to engage new questions. Emotions both positive and negative came to be regarded as important aspects of a more complex picture of human nature and attracted growing attention as such. Without departing from the Christian framework, which remained the basis of the growing, psychologically oriented literature, emotions came to be described in relation to the powers of the soul, and their sensory and bodily dimensions, as well as their cognitive, rational, and volitional functions, were increasingly considered in an integrated way. Our essay analyzes the medieval psychology of emotions from a fresh perspective.

中文翻译：

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十一至十三世纪的中世纪情感科学：知识史。

西方关于情感的思考发展的标准叙述是，情感的概念与欧洲社会和思想的世俗化一起出现，并且与心理学作为一门学科的出现联系在一起。本文认为，情感情感的系统心理学出现得较早，可以在西方基督教思想中找到。在11至13世纪文化更新的背景下，基督教人类学（人类的观念）被完全重塑。我们想追踪这一发展的步骤。这种变化是从11世纪末开始逐渐发生的，无论是在修道院环境中还是在新的学术环境中。在中世纪早期，人们通过恶习和美德的双重道德观点来理解情感，根据“堕落与救赎”的参数定义：情感生活在很大程度上减少了对基督徒应该抵抗的灵魂的负面干扰或对人们应该培养的对上帝的积极爱意。从十二世纪初开始，西方关于情感生活的思考开始涉及新的问题。积极和消极的情感都被视为更复杂的人性形象的重要方面，并因此引起了越来越多的关注。在不脱离基督教框架的情况下，仍然是不断增长的以心理学为导向的文学的基础，人们开始将情感描述为与灵魂的力量，其感官和身体的大小以及认知，理性和意志有关。功能，越来越多地以集成方式考虑。