The effect of microstructure on macroproperties of building materials was the initiation in order to use microscopic techniques for studying the materials' behavior. Primer role among the different techniques has the scanning electron microscope (SEM) as it provides much information in an easy and understandable way. SEM has been used in almost every study of the last decades, dealing with historic and repair materials to complete the analysis performed. In the case of historic mortars, it is a unique technique as it requires a small representative sample and without any intense treatment important information derived from an almost unknown sample including damage detection, phase identification, and microanalysis. It is usually a complementary method of analysis but a precious one as the gained results from the analysis of old mortars are used for designing compatible repair materials for restoration purposes. In the paper, the long-term use of SEM in studying both old authentic and innovative repair mortars is presented.

中文翻译：

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扫描迫击炮以了解过去并规划纪念碑维护的未来

微观结构对建筑材料宏观性能的影响是使用微观技术研究材料行为的开端。不同技术之间的主要作用是扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)，因为它以简单易懂的方式提供了大量信息。过去几十年的几乎所有研究中都使用了 SEM，处理历史和修复材料以完成所进行的分析。就历史砂浆而言，它是一种独特的技术，因为它需要少量具有代表性的样品，并且无需任何深度处理，即可从几乎未知的样品中获取重要信息，包括损坏检测、相识别和微量分析。它通常是一种补充分析方法，但很宝贵，因为从旧砂浆分析中获得的结果可用于设计用于修复目的的兼容修复材料。在本文中，介绍了 SEM 在研究旧的正宗和创新修补砂浆中的长期使用。