Hirudin was discovered as an active anticoagulant in leech extracts almost 60 years ago. Since their initial discovery, hirudin and its variants have been produced with various anti-thrombotic, cancer cell inhibition, diabetic cataract treatment and anti-fatigue activities. Some hirudin variants have been approved for clinical use and released into the marketplace. Recent progress has seen made in relation to hirudin variants expressed in several well-established microbial hosts, including Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris and others, with high levels of activity and yield. This review summarizes the current progress on hirudin production using microbial producers, and considers the outlook for future development.

水rud素是近60年前在水ech提取物中发现的一种活性抗凝剂。自从最初发现以来，水rud素及其变体已被生产出来，具有多种抗血栓形成，抑制癌细胞，糖尿病性白内障和抗疲劳的作用。一些水rud素变体已被批准用于临床，并已投放市场。关于在一些公认的微生物宿主中表达的水rud素变体的最新进展已经取得了进展，这些宿主包括高活性和高水平的大肠杆菌，酿酒酵母，毕赤酵母等。这篇综述总结了利用微生物生产商生产水rud素的最新进展，并考虑了未来的发展前景。