Adaptation is increasingly recognised as essential when dealing with the adverse impacts of climate change on societies, economies and the environment. However, there is insufficient information about the effectiveness of adaption policies, measures and actions. For this reason, the establishment of monitoring programmes is considered to be necessary. Such programmes can contribute to knowledge, learning and data to support adaptation governance. In the European Union (EU), member states are encouraged to develop National Adaptation Strategies (NASs). The NASs developed so far vary widely because of differing views, approaches and policies. A number of member states have progressed to monitoring and evaluating the implementation of their NAS. It is possible to identify key elements in these monitoring programmes that can inform the wider policy learning process. In this paper, four generic building blocks for creating a monitoring and evaluation programme are proposed: (1) definition of the system of interest, (2) selection of a set of indicators, (3) identification of the organisations responsible for monitoring and (4) definition of monitoring and evaluation procedures. The monitoring programmes for NAS in three member states—Finland, the UK and Germany—were analysed to show how these elements have been used in practice, taking into account their specific contexts. It is asserted that the provision of a common framework incorporating these elements will help other member states and organisations within them in setting up and improving their adaptation monitoring programmes.

中文翻译：

---

建立一个评估，比较和发展对欧洲气候变化适应性的监测和评估的框架。

在应对气候变化对社会，经济和环境的不利影响时，人们越来越认识到适应至关重要。但是，关于适应政策，措施和行动的有效性的信息不足。因此，认为必须建立监控程序。此类计划可有助于知识，学习和数据的发展，以支持适应治理。在欧盟（EU）中，鼓励成员国制定国家适应策略（NAS）。迄今为止，由于不同的观点，方法和政策，NAS的发展差异很大。许多成员国已经在监视和评估其NAS的实施方面取得了进步。可以在这些监视程序中识别出可以为更广泛的政策学习过程提供信息的关键元素。在本文中，提出了用于创建监视和评估程序的四个通用构建块：（1）定义感兴趣的系统，（2）选择一组指标，（3）确定负责监视的组织，以及（ 4）定义监测评估程序。分析了三个成员国（芬兰，英国和德国）的NAS监视程序，以显示这些元素在实际中的使用情况，并考虑了它们的具体情况。据称，提供一个包含这些要素的共同框架将有助于其中的其他成员国和组织建立和改善其适应性监测计划。