Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an experimental model, the potential toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) was evaluated following exposure to 0-600 mg L-1 for 24 h. The results showed that cell proliferation was observably inhibited and the IC50 value was 352.704 mg L-1. Mortality showed a concentration-dependent increase, and was 19.3% at 600 mg L-1. A small number of cells were deformed and shrunken after exposure. The percentage of late apoptosis/necrosis showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) at 600 mg L-1 (19.16%) compared with the control (1.14%). The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) at 50-600 mg L-1, indicating that the apoptosis was related to mitochondrial impairment. Moreover, ROS was observably increased (p < 0.01) at 200, 400 and 600 mg L-1. The expressions of apoptosis-related genes (SOD, Yca1, Nma111 and Nuc1) were significantly changed. The results presented so far indicate that GO has the potential to cause adverse effects on organisms when released into the environment.

中文翻译：

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氧化石墨烯对酿酒酵母的毒理学影响。


以酿酒酵母为实验模型，评估氧化石墨烯（GO）暴露于0-6​​00 mg L-1 24 h后的潜在毒性。结果显示细胞增殖受到明显抑制，IC50值为352.704 mg·L-1。死亡率呈浓度依赖性增加，600 mg L-1 时死亡率为 19.3%。少数细胞暴露后变形、萎缩。与对照组 (1.14%) 相比，600 mg L-1 (19.16%) 晚期细胞凋亡/坏死的百分比显着增加 (p < 0.01)。 50-600 mg L-1 时线粒体跨膜电位显着降低（p < 0.01），表明细胞凋亡与线粒体损伤有关。此外，在 200、400 和 600 mg L-1 浓度下，ROS 明显增加 (p < 0.01)。凋亡相关基因（SOD、Yca1、Nma111和Nuc1）的表达发生显着变化。迄今为止的结果表明，GO 释放到环境中时有可能对生物体造成不利影响。