Reports about presence and toxicity of Cd²⁺ in different chemical industrial effluents prompted the researchers to explore some economical, rapid, sensitive, and accurate methods for its determination and removal from aqueous systems. In continuation of series of investigations, adsorption of Cd²⁺ onto the stem of Saccharum arundinaceum is proposed in the present work. Optimization of parameters affecting sorption potential of Cd²⁺ including pH, contact time, temperature, sorbent dose, and concentration of sorbate was carried out to determine best suited conditions for maximum removal of sorbate. To understand the nature of sorption process, linear and nonlinear forms of five sorption isotherms including Freundlich and Langmuir models were employed. Feasibility and viability of sorption process were evaluated by calculating kinetics and thermodynamics of the process, while error analysis suggested best fitted sorption model on sorption data. Thermodynamic studies demonstrated exothermic nature of reaction, while kinetic studies suggested pseudo-second order of reaction.

中文翻译：

---

吸附镉的等温，动力学和热力学参数的研究：线性和非线性方法及误差分析概述。

关于Cd ²⁺在不同化学工业废水中的存在和毒性的报道促使研究人员探索一些经济，快速，灵敏和准确的方法来测定和从水系统中去除。在进行一系列研究的基础上，本工作提出了Cd ²⁺吸附在白糖酵母茎上的方法。影响Cd ²⁺吸附势的参数优化进行pH，接触时间，温度，吸附剂剂量和山梨酸盐浓度的测定，以确定最大程度去除山梨酸盐的最合适条件。为了了解吸附过程的性质，采用了包括Freundlich和Langmuir模型在内的五个吸附等温线的线性和非线性形式。通过计算吸附过程的动力学和热力学来评估吸附过程的可行性和可行性，而误差分析表明吸附数据最适合吸附模型。热力学研究表明了反应的放热性质，而动力学研究表明了反应的伪二级反应。