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THE FIRST TWENTY YEARS (1994-2014) OF OZONE SOUNDINGS FROM RAPA NUI (27°S, 109°W, 51 M A.S.L.).
Tellus Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2016-01-01 , DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v68.29484
L Gallardo 1, 2 , A Henríquez 1, 2 , A M Thompson 3 , R Rondanelli 1, 2 , J Carrasco 4 , A Orfanoz-Cheuquelaf 1, 2 , P Velásquez 2, 5
Affiliation  

Ozone (O3) soundings have been performed on Easter Island or Rapa Nui (27°S, 23 109°W, 51 m a.s.l.) since 1994 as part of the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). In this work, we analyze 260 soundings compiled over the period 1994-2014, and make the data available for the international community. We characterize O3 profiles over this remote area of the Pacific by means of statistical analyses that consider, on the one hand, a traditional climatology that describes the data in terms of seasonal cycles based on monthly averages and, on the other hand, a process oriented analysis based on self-organizing maps. Our analyses show the influence of both tropical and subtropical/mid-latitude air masses at Rapa Nui. The former occurs in summer and fall when convective conditions prevail, and the latter in late winter and spring when subsiding conditions are recurrent. The occurrence of stratospheric intrusions in late winter and spring in connection with deep troughs and the presence of the subtropical jet stream is also apparent in the data set. The tropospheric ozone column is in good agreement with the corresponding data derived from satellites but with a systematic overestimate of summer and fall values. We show evidence of an upward trend in ozone near the surface, which suggests the impact of local pollution. We look forward to an enhancement of the Rapa Nui observing site, given its location that offers a privileged position to observe climate change over the sparsely sampled and vast South Pacific Ocean.

中文翻译:

拉帕努伊(27°S,109°W,51 M ASL)的臭氧探测二十年(1994-2014)。

自1994年以来,作为世界气象组织(WMO)全球大气监测(GAW)计划的一部分,已在复活节岛或Rapa Nui(27°S,23 109°W,51 m asl)上进行了臭氧(O3)探测。在这项工作中,我们分析了1994年至2014年期间收集的260种测深值,并将数据提供给国际社会。我们通过统计分析来表征该太平洋偏远地区的O3剖面,该统计分析一方面考虑了传统的气候学,该气候以月度周期为基础,以月平均值为基础描述数据,另一方面,以过程为导向基于自组织图的分析。我们的分析显示了拉帕努伊地区热带和亚热带/中纬度气团的影响。前者发生在对流条件盛行的夏季和秋季,后者发生在冬末和春季,此时沉陷情况经常发生。在数据集中还可以清楚地看到,在冬季末和春季,与深谷有关的平流层侵入和副热带急流的出现。对流层臭氧柱与来自卫星的相应数据非常吻合,但系统地高估了夏季和秋季的数值。我们显示出地表附近臭氧上升趋势的证据,这表明了局部污染的影响。鉴于拉帕努伊(Rapa Nui)观测站的位置优越,可以在稀疏采样的广阔南太平洋上观测气候变化,因此我们期待着对其进行改进。在数据集中还可以清楚地看到,在冬季末和春季,平流层侵入物与深谷有关,并伴有副热带急流。对流层臭氧柱与来自卫星的相应数据非常吻合,但系统地高估了夏季和秋季的数值。我们显示出地表附近臭氧上升趋势的证据,这表明了局部污染的影响。鉴于拉帕努伊(Rapa Nui)观测站的位置优越,可以在稀疏采样的广阔南太平洋上观测气候变化,因此我们期待着对其进行改进。在数据集中还可以清楚地看到,在冬季末和春季,与深谷有关的平流层侵入和副热带急流的出现。对流层臭氧柱与来自卫星的相应数据非常吻合,但系统地高估了夏季和秋季的数值。我们显示出地表附近臭氧上升趋势的证据,这表明了局部污染的影响。鉴于拉帕努伊(Rapa Nui)观测站的位置优越,可以在稀疏采样的广阔南太平洋上观测气候变化,因此我们期待着对其进行改进。对流层臭氧柱与来自卫星的相应数据非常吻合,但系统地高估了夏季和秋季的数值。我们显示出地表附近臭氧上升趋势的证据,这表明了局部污染的影响。鉴于拉帕努伊(Rapa Nui)观测站的位置优越,可以在稀疏采样的广阔南太平洋上观测气候变化,因此我们期待着对其进行改进。对流层臭氧柱与来自卫星的相应数据非常吻合,但系统地高估了夏季和秋季的数值。我们显示出地表附近臭氧上升趋势的证据,这表明了局部污染的影响。鉴于拉帕努伊(Rapa Nui)观测站的位置优越,可以在稀疏采样的广阔南太平洋上观测气候变化,因此我们期待着对其进行改进。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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