We contribute to the existing research about policy-induced technology adoption in several ways. First, we suggest a new survey design to measure the energy-related policy environment. Second, we simultaneously estimate the policy effects for the adoption propensity and the adoption intensity simultaneously and, third, we compare the policy effects in the three countries, Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Based on a representative sample of firms for all three countries we find that policies essentially promote the adoption of technologies and they are practically ineffective for the intensity, which poses a great challenge to future policy designs. Voluntary agreements or demand-related factors are among the most important drivers for the adoption propensity of green energy technologies. Given the current institutional framework in the surveyed countries, subsidies are more effective in Austria, taxes are more effective in Germany, and demand-related factors are relatively more effective in Switzerland.

我们以多种方式为有关政策性技术采用的现有研究做出了贡献。首先，我们建议一种新的调查设计来衡量与能源有关的政策环境。第二，我们同时估算收养倾向和收养强度的政策效果，第三，比较奥地利，德国和瑞士这三个国家的政策效果。根据这三个国家的代表性公司样本，我们发现政策从根本上促进了技术的采用，并且实际上对技术的使用没有效果，这对未来的政策设计构成了巨大挑战。自愿协议或与需求相关的因素是采用绿色能源技术的最重要驱动力。