ArgumentLudwik Antoni Birkenmajer (1855-1929), following along the paths pioneered by Leopold Prowe, Maximilian Curtze, Franz Hipler, and J. L. E. Dreyer, joined them as trailblazers of Copernican scholarship in the nineteenth century. Educated in the classics and mathematics, Birkenmajer began by examining more closely the Cracow background to Copernicus's development and studying his works and annotations in books he owned or read. Birkenmajer contributed many discoveries that eventually became common knowledge, and his studies loomed over Polish research on Copernicus into the 1970s. Focusing on historical context and his original insights, the essay reminds readers of his contributions (sections 1–2), relates them to discussions of Copernicus's precursors (section 3), to the debate about Maragha precedents (section 4), his reading of the Uppsala Notebook (sections 2 and 5), and his account of the origin of Copernicus's heliocentrism (section 6). By means of a more critical assessment of his interpretation, the essay revises earlier accounts, rescuing the original insights that mark Birkenmajer's most important contributions to current debates and his efforts to reconstruct Copernicus's path to heliocentrism.

中文翻译：

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Birkenmajer 的哥白尼：历史背景、原始见解和对当前辩论的贡献

论据Ludwik Antoni Birkenmajer (1855-1929) 沿着 Leopold Prowe、Maximilian Curtze、Franz Hipler 和 JLE Dreyer 开创的道路，作为 19 世纪哥白尼学术的开拓者加入了他们的行列。受过经典和数学教育，Birkenmajer 开始更仔细地研究哥白尼发展的克拉科夫背景，并研究他拥有或阅读的书籍中的作品和注释。Birkenmajer 贡献了许多最终成为常识的发现，他的研究在 1970 年代期间笼罩着波兰对哥白尼的研究。这篇文章着眼于历史背景和他的原始见解，提醒读者他的贡献（第 1-2 节），将它们与哥白尼先驱的讨论（第 3 节）、关于马拉加先例的辩论（第 4 节）联系起来，乌普萨拉笔记本（第 2 节和第 5 节），以及他对哥白尼日心说起源的说明（第 6 节）。通过对他的解释进行更批判性的评估，这篇文章修改了早期的叙述，挽救了标志着 Birkenmajer 对当前辩论的最重要贡献以及他重建哥白尼通往日心说之路的努力的原始见解。