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Glycogen synthase kinase 3 promotes multicellular development over unicellular encystation in encysting Dictyostelia.
EvoDevo ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-05-09 , DOI: 10.1186/s13227-018-0101-6
Yoshinori Kawabe 1, 2 , Takahiro Morio 2 , Yoshimasa Tanaka 2 , Pauline Schaap 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) regulates many cell fate decisions in animal development. In multicellular structures of the group 4 dictyostelid Dictyostelium discoideum, GSK3 promotes spore over stalk-like differentiation. We investigated whether, similar to other sporulation-inducing genes such as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), this role of GSK3 is derived from an ancestral role in encystation of unicellular amoebas. RESULTS We deleted GSK3 in Polysphondylium pallidum, a group 2 dictyostelid which has retained encystation as an alternative survival strategy. Loss of GSK3 inhibited cytokinesis of cells in suspension, as also occurs in D. discoideum, but did not affect spore or stalk differentiation in P. pallidum. However, gsk3- amoebas entered into encystation under conditions that in wild type favour aggregation and fruiting body formation. The gsk3- cells were hypersensitive to osmolytes, which are known to promote encystation, and to cyst-inducing factors that are secreted during starvation. GSK3 was not itself regulated by these factors, but inhibited their effects. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that GSK3 has a deeply conserved role in controlling cytokinesis, but not spore differentiation in Dictyostelia. Instead, in P. pallidum, one of many Dictyostelia that like their solitary ancestors can still encyst to survive starvation, GSK3 promotes multicellular development into fruiting bodies over unicellular encystment.

中文翻译:

糖原合酶激酶 3 在包囊网柄菌中促进单细胞包囊的多细胞发育。

背景糖原合酶激酶 3 (GSK3) 调节动物发育过程中的许多细胞命运决定。在第 4 组盘基网柄菌 Dictyostelium discoideum 的多细胞结构中,GSK3 促进孢子超过茎样分化。我们研究了是否与其他孢子形成诱导基因(如 cAMP 依赖性蛋白激酶 (PKA))相似,GSK3 的这种作用是否源自单细胞变形虫包囊的祖先作用。结果 我们删除了 Polysphondylium pallidum 中的 GSK3,这是第 2 组盘基网藻,它保留了包囊站作为替代生存策略。GSK3 的缺失抑制了悬浮细胞的胞质分裂,这也发生在 D. discoideum 中,但不影响 P. pallidum 中的孢子或茎分化。然而,gsk3-变形虫在野生型有利于聚集和子实体形成的条件下进入包囊。gsk3-细胞对已知促进包囊形成的渗透剂和饥饿期间分泌的包囊诱导因子过敏。GSK3 本身不受这些因素的调节,但会抑制它们的作用。结论 我们的数据显示 GSK3 在控制胞质分裂方面具有高度保守的作用,但在网柄菌中没有控制孢子分化的作用。相反,在 P. pallidum 中,许多像其孤独祖先一样仍然可以包囊以在饥饿中生存的网状网柄菌中的一种,GSK3 通过单细胞包囊促进多细胞发育为子实体。以及在饥饿期间分泌的囊肿诱导因子。GSK3 本身不受这些因素的调节,但会抑制它们的作用。结论 我们的数据显示 GSK3 在控制胞质分裂方面具有高度保守的作用,但在网柄菌中没有控制孢子分化的作用。相反,在 P. pallidum 中,许多像其孤独祖先一样仍然可以包囊以在饥饿中生存的网状网柄菌中的一种,GSK3 通过单细胞包囊促进多细胞发育为子实体。以及在饥饿期间分泌的囊肿诱导因子。GSK3 本身不受这些因素的调节,但会抑制它们的作用。结论 我们的数据显示 GSK3 在控制胞质分裂方面具有高度保守的作用,但在网柄菌中没有控制孢子分化的作用。相反,在 P. pallidum 中,许多像其孤独祖先一样仍然可以包囊以在饥饿中生存的网状网柄菌中的一种,GSK3 通过单细胞包囊促进多细胞发育为子实体。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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