Despite conservation concerns for many species of bats, factors causing mortality in bats have not been reviewed since 1970. Here we review and qualitatively describe trends in the occurrence and apparent causes of multiple mortality events (MMEs) in bats around the world.We compiled a database of MMEs, defined as cases in which ≥ 10 dead bats were counted or estimated at a specific location within a maximum timescale of a year, and more typically within a few days or a season. We tabulated 1180 MMEs within nine categories.Prior to the year 2000, intentional killing by humans caused the greatest proportion of MMEs in bats. In North America and Europe, people typically killed bats because they were perceived as nuisances. Intentional killing occurred in South America for vampire bat control, in Asia and Australia for fruit depredation control, and in Africa and Asia for human food. Biotic factors, accidents, and natural abiotic factors were also important historically. Chemical contaminants were confirmed causes of MMEs in North America, Europe, and on islands. Viral and bacterial diseases ranked low as causes of MMEs in bats.Two factors led to a major shift in causes of MMEs in bats at around the year 2000: the global increase of industrial wind-power facilities and the outbreak of white-nose syndrome in North America. Collisions with wind turbines and white-nose syndrome are now the leading causes of reported MMEs in bats.Collectively, over half of all reported MMEs were of anthropogenic origin. The documented occurrence of MMEs in bats due to abiotic factors such as intense storms, flooding, heat waves, and drought is likely to increase in the future with climate change. Coupled with the chronic threats of roosting and foraging habitat loss, increasing mortality through MMEs is unlikely to be compensated for, given the need for high survival in the dynamics of bat populations.

中文翻译：

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蝙蝠的多重死亡事件：全球回顾

尽管对许多蝙蝠物种的保护存在担忧，但自 1970 年以来，导致蝙蝠死亡的因素尚未得到审查。在这里，我们回顾并定性描述了世界各地蝙蝠多种死亡事件 (MME) 的发生趋势和明显原因。我们编制了一份MME 数据库，定义为在一年的最大时间范围内（更通常是在几天或一个季节内）在特定地点计数或估计 ≥ 10 只死亡蝙蝠的情况。我们将 9 个类别的 1180 个 MME 制成表格。在 2000 年之前，人类的故意捕杀导致了蝙蝠中 MME 的比例最大。在北美和欧洲，人们通常会杀死蝙蝠，因为它们被视为讨厌的东西。南美洲为了控制吸血蝙蝠而故意捕杀，在亚洲和澳大利亚为了控制水果掠夺而故意捕杀，在非洲和亚洲为了控制人类食物而故意捕杀。生物因素、事故和自然非生物因素在历史上也很重要。在北美、欧洲和岛屿上，化学污染物已被确认为 MME 的原因。病毒和细菌性疾病在蝙蝠 MME 病因中排名靠后。2000 年左右，有两个因素导致蝙蝠 MME 病因发生重大转变：全球工业风电设施的增加和白鼻综合症的爆发。北美。与风力涡轮机的碰撞和白鼻综合症现在是蝙蝠中报告的 MME 的主要原因。总的来说，所有报告的 MME 中有一半以上是人为起源的。据记录，由于强风暴、洪水、热浪和干旱等非生物因素，蝙蝠中 MME 的发生可能会随着气候变化而增加。再加上栖息地和觅食栖息地丧失的长期威胁，考虑到蝙蝠种群动态中对高生存率的需求，MME 导致的死亡率增加不太可能得到补偿。