The terms “paradigm” and “paradigm shift” originated in “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions” by Thomas Kuhn. A paradigm can be defined as the generally accepted concepts and practices of a field, and a paradigm shift its replacement in a scientific revolution. A paradigm shift results from a crisis caused by anomalies in a paradigm that reduce its usefulness to a field. Claims of paradigm shifts and revolutions are made frequently in the neurosciences. In this article I will consider neuroscience paradigms, and the claim that new tools and techniques rather than crises have driven paradigm shifts. I will argue that tool development has played a minor role in neuroscience revolutions.

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神经科学中的库恩革命：工具开发的作用

“范式”和“范式转移”这两个术语起源于托马斯·库恩的《科学革命的结构》。范式可以定义为一个领域的普遍接受的概念和实践，范式在科学革命中取代它。范式转变是由范式中的异常引起的危机导致其对领域的有用性降低的结果。在神经科学中经常提出范式转变和革命的主张。在本文中，我将考虑神经科学范式，以及新工具和技术而非危机推动范式转变的说法。我认为工具开发在神经科学革命中扮演了次要角色。