Alnus glutinosa (black alder) is a mycorrhizal pioneer tree species with tolerance to high concentrations of salt in the soil and can therefore be considered to be an important tree for the regeneration of forests areas devastated by excessive salt. However, there is still a lack of information about the ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) associated with mature individuals of A. glutinosa growing in natural saline conditions. The main objective of this study was to test the effect of soil salinity and other physicochemical parameters on root tips colonized by EMF, as well as on the species richness and diversity of an EMF community associated with A. glutinosa growing in natural conditions. We identified a significant effect of soil salinity (expressed as electrical conductivity: EC_e and EC_1:5) on fungal taxa but not on the total level of EM fungal colonization on roots. Increasing soil salinity promoted dark-coloured EMF belonging to the order Thelephorales (Tomentella sp. and Thelephora sp.). These fungi are also commonly found in soils polluted with heavy-metal. The ability of these fungi to grow in contaminated soil may be due to the presence of melanine, a natural dark pigment and common wall component of the Thelephoraceae that is known to act as a protective interface between fungal metabolism and biotic and abiotic environmental stressors. Moreover, increased colonization of fungi belonging to the class of Leotiomycetes and Sordiomycetes, known as endophytic fungal species, was observed at the test sites, that contained a larger content of total phosphorus. This observation confirms the ability of commonly known endophytic fungi to form ectomycorrhizal structures on the roots of A. glutinosa under saline stress conditions.

中文翻译：

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与生长在波兰中部盐碱地的桤木相关的外生菌根和内生真菌。


赤桤木（黑桤木）是一种菌根先驱树种，能够耐受土壤中高浓度的盐分，因此可以被认为是高盐毁坏森林地区再生的重要树种。然而，仍然缺乏与自然盐水条件下生长的粘胶成熟个体相关的外生菌根真菌（EMF）的信息。本研究的主要目的是测试土壤盐度和其他物理化学参数对 EMF 定殖的根尖的影响，以及对与自然条件下生长的A. glutinosa相关的 EMF 群落的物种丰富度和多样性的影响。我们发现土壤盐度（以电导率表示：EC _e和 EC _1:5 ）对真菌类群有显着影响，但对根部 EM 真菌定殖的总水平没有显着影响。土壤盐度的增加促进了属于 Thelephorales 目（ Tomentella sp. 和Thelephora sp.）的深色电磁场。这些真菌也常见于受重金属污染的土壤中。这些真菌能够在受污染的土壤中生长的能力可能是由于黑色素的存在，黑色素是一种天然深色色素，也是 Thelephoraceae 的常见壁成分，已知它充当真菌代谢与生物和非生物环境应激源之间的保护界面。此外，在总磷含量较高的试验地点观察到，属于内生真菌物种的Leotiomycetes和Sordiomycetes真菌的定殖增加。 这一观察结果证实了众所周知的内生真菌在盐胁迫条件下在粘胶根上形成外生菌根结构的能力。