White lead or basic lead carbonate, 2PbCO₃·Pb(OH)₂, the synthetic analogue of hydrocerussite Pb₃(OH)₂(CO₃)₂, has been known since antiquity as the most frequently used white paint. A number of different minerals and synthetic materials compositionally and structurally related to hydrocerussite have been described within the last two decades. Herein, a review is given of general structural principles, chemical variations and IR spectra of the rapidly growing family of hydrocerussite‐related minerals and synthetic materials. Only structures containing a hydroxo‐ and/or oxo‐component, i.e. which are compositionally directly related with hydrocerussite and `white lead', are reviewed in detail. An essential structural feature of all the considered phases is the presence of electroneutral [PbCO₃]⁰ cerussite‐type layers or sheets. Various interleaved sheets can be incorporated between the cerussite‐type sheets. Different sheets are stacked into two‐dimensional blocks separated by the stereochemically active 6s² lone electron pairs on Pb²⁺ cations. Minerals and synthetic materials described herein, together with a number of still hypothetical members, constitute a family of modular structures. Hydrocerussite, abellaite and grootfonteinite can be considered to constitute a merotype family of structures. The remaining hydrocerussite‐related structures discussed are built on similar principles, but are more complex. Structural architectures of somersetite and slag phase from Lavrion, Attica, Greece, are unique for oxysalt mineral structures in general. Thus, the whole family of hydrocerussite‐related phases can be denoted as a plesiotype family of modular structures. The crystal structures of hydrocerussite from Merehead quarry, Somerset, England, and of its synthetic analogue, both determined from single crystals, are reported here for the first time. The results of the infrared (IR) spectroscopy show that this method is useful for distinguishing several different minerals related to hydrocerussite and their synthetic analogues.

中文翻译：

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与水铈铁矿有关的矿物和材料：结构原理，化学变化和红外光谱。

自古代以来，已知白铅或碱性碳酸铅2PbCO ₃ ·Pb（OH）₂（水合铜矿Pb ₃（OH）₂（CO ₃）₂的合成类似物）是最常用的白色涂料。在过去的二十年中，已经描述了在组成和结构上与水陶粒有关的许多不同的矿物和合成材料。本文对快速增长的与水陶质有关的矿物和合成材料家族的一般结构原理，化学变化和红外光谱进行了综述。仅包含羟基和/或含氧成分的结构，即详细讨论了与水陶粒和“白铅”直接相关的成分。所有考虑的相的基本结构特征是存在电中性[PbCO ₃ ] ⁰陶粒型层或片。在陶粒型薄片之间可以加入各种交错的薄片。将不同的薄片堆叠成二维块，这些块由Pb ²⁺上的立体化学活性6 s ²孤立电子对隔开阳离子。本文所述的矿物和合成材料以及许多仍为假设的成员一起构成了模块化结构家族。水陶粒，无辉石和grootfonteinite可以被认为构成了结构的原型。讨论的其余与水陶质相关的结构均基于相似的原理，但更为复杂。一般而言，来自希腊阿提卡Lavrion的钙锰矿和矿渣相的结构构造对于独特的含氧盐矿物结构而言是独特的。因此，与水陶质相关相的整个家族都可以被称为模块化结构的多重性家族。首次在英国报道了来自英格兰萨默塞特郡Merehead采石场的水陶粒的晶体结构及其合成类似物，两者均由单晶确定。