Inequalities persist when it comes to the attention, resource allocation and political prioritization, and provision of appropriate, adequate, and timely health interventions to populations in need. Set against a complex socio-political backdrop, the pressure on public health science is significant: institutions and scientists are accountable for helping to find the origins of disease, and to prevent and respond effectively more rapidly than ever. In the field of infectious disease epidemiology, new digital methods are contributing to a new ‘digital epidemiology’ and are seen as a promising way to increase effectivity and speed of response to infectious disease and public health events. New types of health data and access to personal information that are available through diverse channels will continue to have wide implications for epidemiology and public health practice. The purpose of this short paper is to introduce the emerging backdrop of practical and ethical challenges for those involved within the practice of public health as they face increasing collaborations with those from fields that have not traditionally applied their methods to epidemiology.

在关注、资源分配和政治优先顺序以及向有需要的人群提供适当、充分和及时的卫生干预措施方面，不平等现象依然存在。在复杂的社会政治背景下，公共卫生科学面临着巨大的压力：机构和科学家有责任帮助寻找疾病的根源，并比以往更快地有效预防和应对。在传染病流行病学领域，新的数字方法正在促成新的“数字流行病学”，并被视为提高传染病和公共卫生事件响应效率和速度的有前途的方法。通过多种渠道提供的新型健康数据和个人信息的获取将继续对流行病学和公共卫生实践产生广泛影响。这篇短文的目的是向那些参与公共卫生实践的人们介绍新出现的实际和伦理挑战的背景，因为他们面临着与传统上未将其方法应用于流行病学的领域的合作日益增多的情况。