Abstract Formation of the biocorona on the surface of nanoparticles is a significant obstacle for the development of safe and effective nanotechnologies, especially for nanoparticles with biomedical applications. Following introduction into a biological environment, nanoparticles are rapidly coated with biomolecules resulting in formation of the nanoparticle-biocorona. The addition of these biomolecules alters the nanoparticle’s physicochemical characteristics, functionality, biodistribution, and toxicity. To synthesize effective nanotherapeutics and to more fully understand possible toxicity following human exposures, it is necessary to elucidate these interactions between the nanoparticle and the biological media resulting in biocorona formation. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which the addition of the biocorona governs nanoparticle-cell interactions is also required. Through elucidating the formation and the biological impact of the biocorona, the field of nanotechnology can reach its full potential. This understanding of the biocorona will ultimately allow for more effective laboratory screening of nanoparticles and enhanced biomedical applications. The importance of the nanoparticle-biocorona has been appreciated for a decade; however, there remain numerous future directions for research which are necessary for study. This perspectives article will summarize the unique challenges presented by the nanoparticle-biocorona and avenues of future needed investigation.

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生物冠：纳米粒子生物医学应用的挑战


摘要 纳米粒子表面生物冠的形成是开发安全有效的纳米技术的一个重大障碍，特别是对于具有生物医学应用的纳米粒子。引入生物环境后，纳米颗粒迅速被生物分子涂覆，从而形成纳米颗粒生物冠。这些生物分子的添加改变了纳米颗粒的物理化学特性、功能、生物分布和毒性。为了合成有效的纳米治疗药物并更全面地了解人体接触后可能产生的毒性，有必要阐明纳米颗粒与生物介质之间导致生物冠形成的相互作用。还需要彻底了解生物冠的添加控制纳米颗粒-细胞相互作用的机制。通过阐明生物冠的形成和生物影响，纳米技术领域可以充分发挥其潜力。对生物冠的这种理解最终将有助于更有效地实验室筛选纳米粒子并增强生物医学应用。纳米颗粒生物冠的重要性十年来一直受到人们的重视。然而，仍然存在许多研究所必需的未来研究方向。这篇观点文章将总结纳米颗粒生物电晕带来的独特挑战以及未来所需研究的途径。