In order to examine how rumination and social problem solving intensify depression, the present study investigated longitudinal associations among each dimension of rumination and social problem solving and evaluated aspects of these constructs that predicted subsequent depression. A three-wave longitudinal study, with an interval of 4 weeks between waves, was conducted. Japanese university students completed the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, Ruminative Responses Scale, Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Version, and Interpersonal Stress Event Scale on three occasions 4 weeks apart (n = 284 at Time 1, 198 at Time 2, 165 at Time 3). Linear mixed models were analyzed to test whether each variable predicted subsequent depression, rumination, and each dimension of social problem solving. Rumination and negative problem orientation demonstrated a mutually enhancing relationship. Because these two variables were not associated with interpersonal conflict during the subsequent 4 weeks, rumination and negative problem orientation appear to strengthen each other without environmental change. Rumination and impulsivity/carelessness style were associated with subsequent depressive symptoms, after controlling for the effect of initial depression. Because rumination and impulsivity/carelessness style were not concurrently and longitudinally associated with each other, rumination and impulsive/careless problem solving style appear to be independent processes that serve to intensify depression.

中文翻译：

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沉思和解决社会问题如何加剧抑郁？纵向研究


为了研究沉思和社会问题解决如何加剧抑郁症，本研究调查了沉思和社会问题解决的每个维度之间的纵向关联，并评估了这些预测随后抑郁症的结构的各个方面。进行了三波纵向研究，各波之间的间隔为 4 周。日本大学生每隔 4 周分 3 次完成贝克抑郁量表第二版、沉思反应量表、社会问题解决量表修订版和人际压力事件量表（第 1 次 n = 284 人，第 2 次 n = 198 人， 165，时间 3)。分析线性混合模型，以测试每个变量是否预测随后的抑郁、沉思和社会问题解决的各个维度。沉思和消极问题导向表现出相互促进的关系。因为这两个变量在接下来的 4 周内与人际冲突无关，所以在环境没有变化的情况下，沉思和消极问题导向似乎会相互加强。在控制了最初抑郁的影响后，沉思和冲动/粗心风格与随后的抑郁症状相关。因为沉思和冲动/粗心风格并不是同时和纵向关联的，所以沉思和冲动/粗心解决问题的风格似乎是独立的过程，会加剧抑郁。