Key message

Summary of rice grain size.

Abstract

Rice is one of the most important crops in the world. Increasing rice yield has been an urgent need to support the rapid growth of global population. The size of grains is one of major components determining rice yield; thus, grain size has been an essential target during rice breeding. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms of grain size control can provide new strategies for yield improvement in rice. In general, the final size of rice grains is coordinately controlled by cell proliferation and cell expansion in the spikelet hull, which sets the storage capacity of the grain and limits grain filling. Recent studies have identified several quantitative trait loci and a number of genes as key grain size regulators. These regulators are involved in G protein signaling, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, phytohormone signalings, or transcriptional regulation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on grain size control in rice and discuss the genetic and molecular mechanisms of these grain size regulators.

中文翻译：

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控制米粒大小。

关键信息

稻米粒度概述。

抽象的

水稻是世界上最重要的农作物之一。提高稻米产量一直是支持全球人口快速增长的迫切需要。谷粒的大小是决定水稻产量的主要因素之一。因此，晶粒大小一直是水稻育种的重要目标。了解晶粒大小控制的遗传和分子机制可以为提高水稻产量提供新的策略。通常，大米籽粒的最终大小受小穗壳中细胞的增殖和细胞膨胀的协调控制，这决定了谷粒的储存能力并限制了谷粒的充实。最近的研究已经确定了几个数量性状基因座和许多基因作为关键的晶粒尺寸调节剂。这些调节剂参与G蛋白信号转导，即丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶信号转导途径，泛素-蛋白酶体途径，植物激素信号传导或转录调控。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关水稻粒度控制的当前知识，并讨论了这些粒度调节剂的遗传和分子机制。