Resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus isolated from paprika (TSWV-Pap) was overcome at high temperatures (30 ± 2°C) in both accessions of Capsicum annuum S3669 (Hana Seed Company) and C. chinense PI15225 (AVRDC Vegetable Genetic Resources). S3669 and PI15225, which carrying the Tsw gene, were mechanically inoculated with TSWV-Pap, and then maintained in growth chambers at temperatures ranging from 15 ± 2°C to 30 ± 2°C (in 5°C increments). Seven days post inoculation (dpi), a hypersensitivity reaction (HR) was induced in inoculated leaves of PI152225 and S3669 plants maintained at 25°C ± 2°C. Meanwhile, necrotic spots were formed in upper leaves of 33% of PI15225 plants maintained at 30 ± 2°C, while systemic mottle symptoms developed in 50% of S3669 plants inoculated. By 15 dpi, 25% of S3669 plants had recovered from systemic mottling induced at 30 ± 2°C. These results demonstrated that resistance to TSWV-Pap can be overcome at higher temperatures in both C. chinense and C. annuum. This is the first study reporting the determination of temperatures at which TSWV resistance is overcome in a C. annuum genetic resource expressing the Tsw gene. Our results indicated that TSWV resistance shown from pepper plants possess the Tsw gene could be overcome at high temperature. Thus, breeders should conduct evaluation of TSWV resistance in pepper cultivars at higher temperature than 30°C (constant temperature).

中文翻译：

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辣椒物种在高温下克服了 HR 介导的防御反应。


在辣椒S3669（Hana Seed Company）和C. chinense PI15225（AVRDC 蔬菜遗传资源）的两种材料中，在高温（30 ± 2°C）下克服了对从辣椒中分离出的番茄斑萎病毒（TSWV-Pap）的抗性。携带Tsw基因的 S3669 和 PI15225 采用 TSWV-Pap 机械接种，然后在温度范围为 15 ± 2°C 至 30 ± 2°C（增量为 5°C）的生长室中维持。接种后 7 天 (dpi)，在维持在 25°C ± 2°C 的 PI152225 和 S3669 植物的接种叶子中诱导超敏反应 (HR)。同时，33%维持在30±2°C的PI15225植株上部叶片形成坏死斑，而50%接种S3669植株出现全身斑驳症状。到 15 dpi 时，25% 的 S3669 植物已从 30 ± 2°C 诱导的系统斑驳中恢复。这些结果表明，在较高的温度下， C. chinense和C. annuum都可以克服对 TSWV-Pap 的抗性。这是第一项报告确定在表达Tsw基因的C. annuum遗传资源中克服 TSWV 抗性的温度的研究。我们的结果表明，具有Tsw基因的辣椒植物表现出的 TSWV 抗性可以在高温下被克服。因此，育种者应在高于30℃（恒温）的温度下对辣椒品种的TSWV抗性进行评价。