Chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients usually have lower urinary tract symptoms, such as frequency and urgency. Additionally, they frequently suffer from urinary tract infections. This study investigated dysfunction and chronic inflammation of the bladder urothelium in ESRD/CKD patients.

中文翻译：

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慢性肾功能不全患者的尿道功能障碍和慢性炎症与膀胱感觉增加相关。

慢性肾脏病（CKD）或终末期肾脏病（ESRD）患者通常具有下尿路症状，例如尿频和尿急。另外，他们经常患有尿路感染。这项研究调查了ESRD / CKD患者的膀胱尿路上皮功能障碍和慢性炎症。