We investigated the dual effects of bacterial infections and diseased cassava plants on the fitness and biology of the Bemisia tabaci infesting cassava in Africa. Isofemale B. tabaci colonies of sub-Saharan Africa 1-subgroup 3 (SSA1-SG3), infected with two secondary endosymbiotic bacteria Arsenophonus and Rickettsia (AR+) and those free of AR infections (AR−), were compared for fitness parameters on healthy and East African cassava mosaic virus-Uganda variant (EACMV-UG)-infected cassava plants. The whitefly fecundity and nymph development was not affected by bacterial infections or the infection of cassava by the virus. However, emergence of adults from nymphs was 50 and 17% higher by AR− on healthy and virus-infected plants, respectively, than AR+ flies. Development time of adults also was 10 days longer in AR+ than AR−. The whiteflies were further compared for acquisition and retention of EACMV-UG. Higher proportion of AR− acquired (91.8%) and retained (87.6%) the virus than AR+ (71.8, 61.2%, respectively). Similarly, the AR− flies retained higher quantities of virus (~ninefold more) than AR+. These results indicated that bacteria-free whiteflies were superior and better transmitters of EACMV-UG, as they had higher adult emergence, quicker life cycle and better virus retention abilities than those infected with bacteria.

中文翻译：

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木薯粉虱烟粉虱中次生内共生菌感染相关的健身成本。

我们调查了细菌感染和患病木薯植物对非洲烟粉虱侵染的适应性和生物学的双重影响。比较了撒哈拉以南非洲1-亚组3（SSA1-SG3）的异种雌性B. tabaci菌落，它们感染了两种次生共生共生细菌Arsenophonus和立克次体（AR +），而没有AR感染（AR-），在健康方面适用于适应性参数和东非木薯花叶病毒-乌干达变种（EACMV-UG）感染的木薯植物。粉虱的繁殖力和若虫的发育不受病毒感染或木薯感染的影响。然而，在健康和被病毒感染的植物上，若虫从成虫的出苗率分别比正常人高50％和17％。在AR +中，成年人的发育时间也比AR-要长10天。进一步比较粉虱的EAMCV-UG的获取和保留。与AR +（分别为71.8和61.2％）相比，AR-获得（91.8％）和保留（87.6％）病毒的比例更高。同样，AR-苍蝇比AR +保留更高数量的病毒（约多九倍）。这些结果表明，无细菌粉虱是EACMV-UG的优良且更好的传播者，因为它们的成虫率更高，