Implantable nanogenerators are rapidly advanced recently as a promising concept for harvesting biomechanical energy in vivo. This review article presents an overview of the most current progress of implantable piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with a focus on materials selection, engineering, and assembly. The evolution of the PENG materials is discussed from ZnO nanostructures, to high-performance ferroelectric perovskites, to flexible piezoelectric polymer mesostructures. Discussion of TENGs is focused on the materials and surface features of friction layers, encapsulation materials, and device integrations. Challenges faced by this promising technology and possible future research directions are also discussed.

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研究更新：用于生物力学能量收集的植入式纳米发电机的材料设计

植入式纳米发电机最近作为在体内收集生物力学能量的一个有前途的概念得到了迅速发展。这篇综述文章概述了可植入压电纳米发电机 (PENG) 和摩擦纳米发电机 (TENG) 的最新进展，重点是材料选择、工程和组装。讨论了 PENG 材料的演变，从 ZnO 纳米结构到高性能铁电钙钛矿，再到柔性压电聚合物介观结构。TENG 的讨论集中在摩擦层、封装材料和器件集成的材料和表面特征上。还讨论了这种有前途的技术所面临的挑战和未来可能的研究方向。