The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has been commercially available since the 1940's. Despite decades of data on 2,4-D in food, air, soil, and water, as well as in humans, the quality the quality of these data has not been comprehensively evaluated. Using selected elements of the Biomonitoring, Environmental Epidemiology, and Short-lived Chemicals (BEES-C) instrument (temporal variability, avoidance of sample contamination, analyte stability, and urinary methods of matrix adjustment), the quality of 156 publications of environmental- and biomonitoring-based 2,4-D data was examined. Few publications documented steps were taken to avoid sample contamination. Similarly, most studies did not demonstrate the stability of the analyte from sample collection to analysis. Less than half of the biomonitoring publications reported both creatinine-adjusted and unadjusted urine concentrations. The scope and detail of data needed to assess temporal variability and sources of 2,4-D varied widely across the reviewed studies. Exposures to short-lived chemicals such as 2,4-D are impacted by numerous and changing external factors including application practices and formulations. At a minimum, greater transparency in reporting of quality control measures is needed. Perhaps the greatest challenge for the exposure community is the ability to reach consensus on how to address problems specific to short-lived chemical exposures in observational epidemiology investigations. More extensive conversations are needed to advance our understanding of human exposures and enable interpretation of these data to catch up to analytical capabilities. The problems defined in this review remain exquisitely difficult to address for chemicals like 2,4-D, with short and variable environmental and physiological half-lives and with exposures impacted by numerous and changing external factors.

中文翻译：

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关键和系统的评估数据，以评估人体对2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸（2,4-D）的暴露-质量和通用性。

自1940年代以来，除草剂2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸（2,4-D）可以在市场上买到。尽管有关食物，空气，土壤和水以及人类中2,4-D的数据已有数十年的历史，但尚未对这些数据的质量和质量进行全面评估。使用生物监测，环境流行病学和短寿命化学品（BEES-C）仪器的选定要素（时间变异性，避免样品污染，分析物稳定性和尿液基质调整方法），获得了156种环境和环境出版物的质量基于生物监测的2，4-D数据进行了检查。很少有文献记载采取步骤来避免样品污染。同样，大多数研究都没有证明从样品收集到分析的分析物的稳定性。少于一半的生物监测出版物报告了肌酐调整后和未经调整的尿液浓度。在所审查的研究中，评估时间变异性和2,4-D来源所需的数据的范围和细节差异很大。暴露于短寿命化学品（例如2,4-D）的情况受到众多变化的外部因素的影响，包括应用方法和配方。至少，在质量控制措施的报告中需要更大的透明度。暴露社区面临的最大挑战也许是就观察流行病学调查中如何解决短期化学暴露特定问题达成共识的能力。需要进行更广泛的对话，以增进我们对人体暴露的理解，并能够解释这些数据以赶上分析能力。对于2,4-D之类的化学品，具有短而可变的环境和生理半衰期以及暴露量受到众多变化的外部因素影响的化学品，本综述中定义的问题仍然非常难以解决。