Physiological responses to changes in environmental conditions such as temperature may partly arise from the resident microbial community that integrates a wide range of bio-physiological aspects of the host. In the present study, we assessed the effect of developmental temperature on the thermal tolerance and microbial community of Drosophila melanogaster. We also developed a bacterial transplantation protocol in order to examine the possibility of reshaping the host bacterial composition and assessed its influence on the thermotolerance phenotype. We found that the temperature during development affected thermal tolerance and the microbial composition of male D. melanogaster. Flies that developed at low temperature (13°C) were the most cold resistant and showed the highest abundance of Wolbachia, while flies that developed at high temperature (31°C) were the most heat tolerant and had the highest abundance of Acetobacter. In addition, feeding newly eclosed flies with bacterial suspensions from intestines of flies developed at low temperatures changed the heat tolerance of recipient flies. However, we were not able to link this directly to a change in the host bacterial composition.

对环境条件（例如温度）变化的生理响应可能部分来自整合了宿主的广泛生物生理方面的常驻微生物群落。在本研究中，我们评估了发育温度对果蝇热耐受性和微生物群落的影响。我们还开发了细菌移植方案，以检查重塑宿主细菌组成的可能性并评估其对耐热性表型的影响。我们发现发育过程中的温度影响雄性D. melanogaster的热耐受性和微生物组成。在低温（13°C）下发育的果蝇具有最强的耐寒性，并显示出最高的Wolbachia蝇，而在高温（31°C）下发育的果蝇则具有最高的耐热性，并且具有最高的醋杆菌属。此外，用在低温下发育的果蝇肠道中的细菌悬浮液喂食新近封闭的果蝇会改变受体果蝇的耐热性。但是，我们无法将其直接与宿主细菌组成的变化联系起来。