Recognition of facial affect has been studied extensively in adults with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI), mostly by asking examinees to match basic emotion words to isolated faces. This method may not capture affect labelling in everyday life when faces are in context and choices are open-ended. To examine effects of context and response format, we asked 148 undergraduate students to label emotions shown on faces either in isolation or in natural visual scenes. Responses were categorised as representing basic emotions, social emotions, cognitive state terms, or appraisals. We used students’ responses to create a scoring system that was applied prospectively to five men with TBI. In both groups, over 50% of responses were neither basic emotion words nor synonyms, and there was no significant difference in response types between faces alone vs. in scenes. Adults with TBI used labels not seen in students’ responses, talked more overall, and often gave multiple labels for one photo. Results suggest benefits of moving beyond forced-choice tests of faces in isolation to fully characterise affect recognition in adults with and without TBI.

中文翻译：

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在有和没有 TBI 的成年人的上下文中标记面部影响

面部情感的识别已经在患有和不患有创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 的成年人中进行了广泛的研究，主要是通过要求考生将基本的情绪词与孤立的面孔相​​匹配。当面孔在上下文中并且选择是开放式的时，这种方法可能无法捕捉日常生活中的影响标签。为了检查上下文和响应格式的影响，我们要求 148 名本科生标记在孤立或自然视觉场景中显示在脸上的情绪。反应被分类为代表基本情绪、社会情绪、认知状态术语或评价。我们使用学生的回答创建了一个评分系统，该系统前瞻性地应用于五名患有 TBI 的男性。在两组中，超过 50% 的回答既不是基本的情感词也不是同义词，单独的面部与场景中的响应类型没有显着差异。患有 TBI 的成年人使用学生的回答中没有的标签，更全面地谈论，并且经常为一张照片贴上多个标签。结果表明，超越孤立的面部强制选择测试以全面表征患有和不患有 TBI 的成年人的情感识别的好处。