Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have altered gut microbiota, which appears to regulate ASD symptoms via gut microbiota-brain interactions. Rapid assessment of gut microbiota profiles in ASD individuals in varying physiological contexts is important to understanding the role of the microbiota in regulating ASD symptoms. Microbiomes secrete extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) to communicate with host cells and secreted EVs are widely distributed throughout the body including the blood and urine. In the present study, we investigated whether bacteria-derived EVs in urine are useful for the metagenome analysis of microbiota in ASD individuals. To address this, bacterial DNA was isolated from bacteria-derived EVs in the urine of ASD individuals. Subsequent metagenome analysis indicated markedly altered microbiota profiles at the levels of the phylum, class, order, family, and genus in ASD individuals relative to control subjects. Microbiota identified from urine EVs included gut microbiota reported in previous studies and their up- and down-regulation in ASD individuals were partially consistent with microbiota profiles previously assessed from ASD fecal samples. However, overall microbiota profiles identified in the present study represented a distinctive microbiota landscape for ASD. Particularly, the occupancy of g_Pseudomonas, g_Sphingomonas, g_Agrobacterium, g_Achromobacter, and g_Roseateles decreased in ASD, whereas g_Streptococcus, g_Akkermansia, g_Rhodococcus, and g_Halomonas increased. These results demonstrate distinctively altered gut microbiota profiles in ASD, and validate the utilization of urine EVs for the rapid assessment of microbiota in ASD.

中文翻译：

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使用细菌来源的膜囊泡在尿液中快速评估自闭症谱系障碍个体的微生物群变化。

患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的人改变了肠道菌群，这似乎是通过肠道菌群-大脑相互作用来调节ASD症状的。在不同的生理环境中快速评估ASD个体中肠道菌群谱对于了解微生物菌群在调节ASD症状中的作用非常重要。微生物群分泌细胞外膜囊泡（EV）以与宿主细胞通讯，并且分泌的EV广泛分布于全身，包括血液和尿液。在本研究中，我们调查了尿液中细菌衍生的电动汽车是否可用于ASD个体微生物群的元基因组分析。为了解决这个问题，从ASD个体尿液中的细菌衍生EV中分离出细菌DNA。随后的基因组分析表明，相对于对照对象，ASD个体的门，类别，顺序，家族和属水平的微生物群谱显着改变。从尿液电动汽车中鉴定出的菌群包括先前研究中报道的肠道菌群，它们在ASD个体中的上调和下调与先前从ASD粪便样本中评估的菌群特征部分一致。然而，在本研究中确定的总体菌群概况代表了ASD的独特菌群景观。特别是 从尿液电动汽车中鉴定出的菌群包括先前研究中报道的肠道菌群，它们在ASD个体中的上调和下调与先前从ASD粪便样本中评估的菌群特征部分一致。然而，在本研究中确定的总体菌群概况代表了ASD的独特菌群景观。特别是 从尿液电动汽车中鉴定出的菌群包括先前研究中报道的肠道菌群，它们在ASD个体中的上调和下调与先前从ASD粪便样本中评估的菌群特征部分一致。然而，在本研究中确定的总体菌群概况代表了ASD的独特菌群景观。特别是在ASD中，g_Pseudomonas，g_Sphingomonas，g_Agrobacterium，g_Achromobacter和g_Roseateles减少，而g_Streptococcus，g_Akkermansia，g_Rhodococcus和g_Halomonas增加。这些结果表明，ASD中肠道菌群特征发生了显着变化，并验证了尿液电动车在ASD中快速评估菌群的利用。