BACKGROUND Carcinoma of the prostate gland (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer diseases among men around the world. PCa has become the major considerable health and epidemic problem which causes death in men with a high prevalence and relatively lower mortality risk. The inability of conventional diagnosis tools to detect cancer at an early and potentially curable stage further hinders effective treatment options and spur demand for improved technologies. Nanoparticles are emerging as a versatile tool for disease diagnosis to therapy. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have a huge potential in targeted drug delivery and detection of cancerous cells. Diverse predominant distinctive properties of gold nanomaterials and their effective functionalization make them a suitable material for early diagnosis and effective treatment of cancer. OBJECTIVE To summarize the recent research and patents on the development of multifunctional AuNPs based nanoformulations for early diagnosis and targeted drug delivery to prostate cancer. Further, discussion on the salient features of gold nanostructures and its evaluation of extremely attractive vectors in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatments. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the use of AuNPs based nanoformulations in cancer diagnostics and therapy, which has been recognized as an important platform as smart materials for clinical application. The ability to tune the size, shape and the physical properties of AuNPs along with their low toxicity, biocompatibility and large surface chemistry makes them as a promising candidate for clinical use.

中文翻译：

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金纳米颗粒在前列腺癌的早期诊断和靶向药物递送中的应用概述。

背景技术前列腺癌（PCa）是全世界男性中最常被诊断出的癌症疾病之一。五氯苯甲醚已经成为严重的健康和流行病，导致高流行和相对较低的死亡风险的男性死亡。传统的诊断工具无法在早期且可能治愈的阶段检测出癌症，这进一步阻碍了有效的治疗选择，并刺激了对改进技术的需求。纳米颗粒正在成为一种用于疾病诊断和治疗的多功能工具。金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）在靶向药物递送和癌细胞检测中具有巨大潜力。金纳米材料的主要优势和独特的有效功能使其成为早期诊断和有效治疗癌症的合适材料。目的概述基于多功能AuNPs的纳米制剂的开发，这些研究和专利用于前列腺癌的早期诊断和靶向药物递送。此外，讨论了金纳米结构的显着特征及其对极具吸引力的载体在前列腺癌诊断和治疗中的评估。结论本综述总结了基于AuNPs的纳米制剂在癌症诊断和治疗中的用途，该制剂已被公认为是临床应用中作为智能材料的重要平台。调节AuNPs的大小，形状和物理特性的能力以及其低毒性，生物相容性和大表面化学性质使其成为临床应用的有希望的候选者。