Response inhibition, a key executive function, continues to develop in early adulthood in parallel with maturational processes of the underlying prefrontal regions known to support it. The current study examined behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of response inhibition during a visual Go/No-Go task in a large sample (N = 120) comprised of participants in their Early 20s (ages 19-21), Mid 20s (ages 23-27), and Early 30s (ages 28-42). The two younger groups had lower accuracy, shorter reaction times, and made more premature responses compared to Early 30s. These impulsive behavioral tendencies were reflected in a delayed N2 latency and reduced P2 and P3 amplitudes for Early 20s compared to Early 30s and were associated with personality traits such as impulsivity in an age-dependent manner. The results suggest that response inhibition may not develop fully before the approximate age of 25, as the refinement of the primarily prefrontal cognitive control network follows a protracted developmental trajectory throughout young adulthood.

中文翻译：

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从新兴到成年中期反应抑制的神经动力学相关性

反应抑制是一种关键的执行功能，在成年早期与已知支持它的潜在前额叶区域的成熟过程同时发展。当前的研究在一个大样本（N = 120）中检查了视觉执行/不执行任务期间反应抑制的行为和神经生理学相关性，该样本由 20 多岁（19-21 岁）和 20 多岁（23-27 岁）的参与者组成) 和 30 岁出头（28-42 岁）。与 30 岁出头相比，年轻的两个组准确性较低，反应时间较短，并且做出的过早反应更多。这些冲动行为倾向反映在延迟的 N2 潜伏期以及与 30 岁出头相比的 20 岁出头的 P2 和 P3 振幅降低，并且与年龄相关的人格特征（如冲动）相关。