Bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus were isolated from air sampled from living spaces in Kraków (Poland). In total, 55 strains belonging to the genus Staphylococcus were isolated from 45 sites, and 13 species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were identified. The species composition of studied airborne microbiota contains Staphylococcus species that are rarely infectious to humans. Most commonly isolated species comprised S. hominis and S. warneri. The disk-diffusion tests showed that the collected isolates were most frequently resistant to erythromycin. The PCR technique was employed to search for genes conferring the resistance in staphylococci to antibiotics from the group of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins. The analyzed Staphylococcus isolates possessed simultaneously 4 different resistance genes. The molecular analysis with the use of specific primers allowed to determine the most prevalent gene which is mphC, responsible for the resistance to macrolides and for the enzymatic inactivation of the drug by phosphotransferase. The second most often detected gene was msrA1, which confers the resistance of staphylococci to macrolides and is responsible for active pumping of antimicrobial particles out of bacterial cells.

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空气传播葡萄球菌的抗菌素耐药性的表型和分子评估。与克拉科夫的公寓隔离

从克拉科夫（波兰）生活空间采样的空气中分离出葡萄球菌属细菌。总共从45个地点分离了属于葡萄球菌属的55株菌株，并鉴定了13种凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌。研究的空气传播微生物群的物种组成包含很少对人类具有传染性的葡萄球菌物种。最常见的分离物种包括 S. hominis 和 S. warneri。圆盘扩散试验表明，收集到的分离株最常对红霉素有抗药性。PCR技术被用来从大环内酯类、林可酰胺类和链霉菌素类中寻找赋予葡萄球菌对抗生素抗性的基因。分析的葡萄球菌分离株同时拥有 4 个不同的抗性基因。使用特定引物进行的分子分析可以确定最普遍的基因 mphC，它负责对大环内酯类的抗性和磷酸转移酶对药物的酶促灭活。第二个最常检测到的基因是 msrA1，它赋予葡萄球菌对大环内酯类的抗性，并负责将抗菌颗粒从细菌细胞中主动泵出。